Opinion
May 21, 1992
Appeal from the Family Court, Bronx County (Harold Lynch, F.C.J.).
In reviewing the voir dire testimony of this witness with respect to her prior use of the file, we find her responses far too equivocal to support the Family Court's conclusion that the law guardian should be charged with a wholesale waiver of the confidential communication privilege (CPLR 4508), as well as the immunity from disclosure of both counsel's work product (CPLR 3101 [c]) and materials "prepared in anticipation of litigation or for trial" (CPLR 3101 [d] [2]). Entirely ignored was the mandate of the last cited paragraph that, assuming the intervenor had made the threshold showing of necessity (which she clearly had not), "the court shall protect against disclosure of the mental impressions, conclusions, opinions or legal theories of an attorney or other representative of a party concerning the litigation" (emphasis added). We hold that a social worker, employed by a law guardian in a Family Court proceeding to determine custody in the best interest of an infant, is a "representative" of the infant for the purpose of this statute. And, while we recognize that a more liberal approach to discovery where a witness makes use of material to refresh recollection has been deemed appropriate in the context of ordinary civil litigation (Doxtator v Swarthout, 38 A.D.2d 782; Stern v. Aetna Cas. Sur. Co., 159 A.D.2d 1013), the confidentiality and sensitivity of Family Court custodial litigation clearly call for stricter limitations.
The law guardian has conceded the propriety of disclosure to the intervenor of notes of the pertinent interviews conducted by the witness, and these are no longer an issue.
No further discovery from this witness is warranted unless the law guardian seeks to elicit her adverse opinion, as an expert, on the propriety of placement with the intervenor of the grandchild, whose care and custody is at issue. If that course is pursued, the law guardian shall comply with the requirements of CPLR 3101 (d) (1) (i) five days prior to the resumed hearing.
Concur — Sullivan, J.P., Carro, Wallach and Smith, JJ.