Summary
In Marshall, the derelict party's brief was not filed with the WCAC until after the WCAC had already dismissed the appeal for failure to file a brief.
Summary of this case from Laudenslager v. PendellOpinion
Docket No. 166767.
Submitted May 4, 1994, at Lansing.
Decided June 7, 1994, at 9:05 A.M. Leave to appeal sought.
Evans, Pletkovic, Hayes Rhodes, P.C. (by John J. Hays), and Wisti Jaaskelainen, P.C. (by Daniel J. Wisti), for the plaintiff.
Frank J. Kelley, Attorney General, Thomas L. Casey, Solicitor General, and Victoria A. Keating, Assistant Attorney General, for D.J. Jacobetti Veterans Facility and Accident Fund of Michigan.
ON REMAND
The Worker's Compensation Appellate Commission dismissed plaintiff's appeal and summarily affirmed the magistrate's denial of disability compensation benefits because plaintiff failed to file his brief timely. In a previous appeal, Docket No. 155748, we denied plaintiff's application for leave to appeal for lack of merit in the grounds presented, but the Supreme Court remanded the appeal for consideration as on leave granted "of the issue whether the Worker's Compensation Appellate Commission should have considered the merits of the appeal." 443 Mich. 854 (1993).
The magistrate mailed his opinion and order on February 25, 1991. Plaintiff filed as timely claim for review on March 15, 1991. The stenographer filed the hearing transcript with the commission on May 10, 1991. Plaintiff's brief was due thirty days after that, on June 10, 1991. MCL 418.861a(5); MSA 17.237(861a)(5); 1991 AACS, R 418.6(2). Plaintiff did not file his brief or a motion to extend that time by the due date. On June 11, 1991, he filed a motion for "a short extension of time in which to file his brief." While that motion was pending, the commission, on July 12, 1991, acknowledged receipt of plaintiff's appeal in a letter that repeated the statutory brief-filing deadline and warned that "if an appellant fails to file a brief, the Commission may summarily affirm the decision of [the] hearing officer."
On October 30, 1991, the commission granted plaintiff's motion for an extension of time and directed that the brief be filed within thirty days, on or before November 29, 1991. Plaintiff did not meet that deadline. He waited more than three months and on March 9, 1992, again requested "a short extension of time in which to file his brief." The commission granted that request on March 26, 1992, directing plaintiff to file his brief within thirty days, by April 27, 1992. Plaintiff again missed that deadline, but filed a motion for a third extension of the deadline. By order entered June 30, 1992, the commission denied that motion "as untimely because it was not received within the thirty day extension for filing of plaintiff's brief previously granted by Commission letter dated March 26, 1992." The commission also summarily affirmed the magistrate's decision because of plaintiff's failure to comply with the briefing requirement of § 861a(5) of the worker's compensation act.
Plaintiff first contends that despite the explicit requirement for a brief in § 861a(5) and the implicit requirement in § 861a(11), the commission was obligated to decide his appeal, even without a brief, because § 861a(1) provides, "Any matter for which a claim for review under section 859a had been filed shall be heard and decided by the appellate commission." MCL 418.861a(1); MSA 17.237(861a)(1). Further, plaintiff argues that the commission has no authority to dismiss an appeal for failure to file a brief and that the sanction provision of § 861b is inapplicable to that kind of default.
Neither contention is meritorious. Unlike the former practice, which required the Worker's Compensation Appeal Board to decide appeals, even without briefs, Bacic v General Motors Corp, 90 Mich. App. 40; 282 N.W.2d 1 (1979), § 861a(5) expressly and subsections 8 and 11 implicitly require an appellant to file a brief before the commission is obligated to hear the appeal. Section 861a(1) is not a mandate to hear all appeals, with or without briefs, but, in conjunction with § 859a to which it specifically refers, is an allocation of jurisdiction between the former appeal board and the current appellate commission.
Further, the authority to dismiss an appeal for noncompliance with a statutory or rule requirement is implicit in the commission's authority under MCL 418.274(7); MSA 17.237(274)(7) to make rules of appellate procedure. See Dries v Chrysler Corp, 402 Mich. 78; 259 N.W.2d 561 (1977); McAvoy v HB Sherman Co, 401 Mich. 419; 258 N.W.2d 414 (1977); Garcia v McCord Gasket Corp, 201 Mich. App. 697; 506 N.W.2d 912 (1993).
Plaintiff contends that the commission's "chaotic" past practice of granting extensions indicates that the commission treated the transcript and brief filing deadlines as directory only and that he was not given notice or the benefit of the commission's latest change in practice at the time, that of warning a delinquent party to either comply with the time limit or request an extension of time.
The commission agreed that its policy on extensions has been chaotic, but that history "should give counsel no assurance that things will always remain chaotic. A new day has dawned at this Commission. Simply put, a deadline is a deadline."
The commission's extension practices have been varying and chaotic indeed, much as were its predecessor's, the Appeal Board's, practices. While an agency can change its practices from time to time, it cannot enforce a change in practice without giving notice to the affected parties. Lambroff v Ram's Horn Restaurant, 149 Mich. App. 303; 385 N.W.2d 775 (1986); Beger v Industrial Painting Co, 7 Mich. App. 628; 152 N.W.2d 706 (1967). However, this plaintiff was not misled. By March of 1992, the commission changed its past practice of granting up to three thirty-day extensions. On February 8, 1992, the commission decided Gruckunas v Aetna Industries, 1992 WCACO 73, in which a panel of the commissioners announced the intention to strictly enforce the filing deadlines:
The undersigned Commissioners consider adherence to statutory deadlines and orders of the Appellate Commission to be of the utmost importance. It is the obligation of practitioners at the Bar to respect this aspect of the legal process. This is an obligation to the client, and to the system of justice. . . .
* * *
The position of the undersigned Commissioners is simple: A deadline is a deadline. It is not unreasonable or improper for us to expect professional practitioners to adhere to a deadline we establish according to the law.
By March of 1992 the commission changed its policy to allow only two thirty-day extensions. On March 26, 1992, the commission granted plaintiff a second extension, extending the time for his brief until April 27, 1992. Hence, plaintiff had both notice of the commission's change and the full benefit of the latest practice. Despite that, plaintiff did not file his brief as due on April 27, 1992, and in fact did not file it until July 10, 1992, after the commission dismissed his appeal and affirmed the magistrate's decision. Hence, despite the commission's chaotic past practice, plaintiff was on notice in the spring of 1992 that the commission would require adherence to filing deadlines and, further, the commission gave plaintiff the benefit of its latest policy change to allow two thirty-day extensions. Still, plaintiff did not comply with the recent deadline. Under those circumstances, the commission did not abuse its discretion in dismissing plaintiff's appeal and the appellate commission was not required to consider this case on the merits.
Plaintiff also argues that the commission has acted arbitrarily and unreasonably by dismissing some appeals and not others. Why, he asks, was his appeal dismissed after pending for about 428 days when other, fully briefed cases have been pending for up to 1,500 days before being decided? There is a reasonable basis for treating appeals that have not been briefed timely differently from those that have. In the former situation, the commission has the discretion to dismiss because the brief was untimely and the case might not be briefed at all, but in the latter situation the commission has no discretion to dismiss a briefed case, but is prevented by a substantial backlog from timely deciding pending appeals.
Plaintiff also charges that the commission has not been evenhanded in dismissing appeals because of missed deadlines. However, the commission's decisions in individual cases are based on different fact situations and different extension policies that plaintiff does not explain. Different treatment of other cases does not necessarily indicate arbitrary and capricious action by the commission. Plaintiff cites a number of cases that have been decided by the commission but where no copy of the decision was sent to plaintiff's counsel. That fact, if true, may indicate omissions or sloppy practice within the commission office, but it does not suggest unreasonable, arbitrary, or capricious conduct by the commission.
Finally, plaintiff contends that the case should be remanded to the commission for consideration whether he substantially complied with the brief-filing requirements. We reject the request for two reasons. First of all, plaintiff did not raise this issue in his application for leave to appeal, and appeals by leave granted are limited to the issues raised in the application and supporting brief. MCR 7.205(C)(4). Second, there is not even a close question whether plaintiff substantially complied with the brief-filing requirement. He missed the initial brief-filing deadline and ignored two later extensions granted by the commission.
The order of the appellate commission is affirmed. Defendants may tax costs.