Opinion
No. 06-60375 Summary Calendar.
April 12, 2007.
Robert H. Tyler, Tyler Law Firm, Biloxi, MS, for Plaintiff-Appellant.
Seth Magill Hunter, Currie Johnson, Griffin, Gaines Myers, Jackson, MS, for Defendants/Defendants-Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the Southern District of Mississippi, USDC No. 2:03-CV-1.
Before KING, HIGGINBOTHAM, and GARZA, Circuit Judges.
In the summer of 2001, John Parker, an active member of the Phi Kappa Tau (PKT) chapter at the University of Southern Mississippi, was drinking at the fraternity's house. The house is owned and maintained by the university, which provides a resident assistant during the school year, but it is occupied exclusively by PKT brothers who pay rent to the university. The beer was provided to Parker, who was underage, by another brother. Because it was summer, PKT wasn't in session, no fraternity members or officers were required to be present, and PKT didn't hold or sponsor any activities.
At about 2:00 a.m., plaintiff Lewis was riding on the back of a four-wheeler on PKT house grounds. Parker went outside to confront the driver and eventually threw a bottle, which struck Lewis in the face, significantly injuring her. Lewis eventually sued both the local and national chapters of PKT under Mississippi negligence law, citing diversity jurisdiction, claiming that the organizations were liable for not supervising their members. The district court granted summary judgments to the defendants after concluding that, under the undisputed facts of the case, neither defendant owed a relevant duty to Lewis under Mississippi law. Lewis appeals, and we review de novo. See Richardson v. Pennzoil Producing Co., 896 F.2d 919, 921 (5th Cir. 1990).
Generally, unincorporated associations, like defendants here, are not liable for the wrongful acts of their members unless they encouraged, promoted, or subsequently ratified them. See generally 6 AM. JUR.2D ASSOC. CLUBS § 47 (West 2005). There is no evidence of sufficient encouragement, promotion, or ratification here. Moreover, as the district court noted, to hold the PKT national organization liable would require something more, a special relationship between the national organization and the local chapter creating in the former a duty to supervise day-to-day the actions of the latter. There is no evidence of that, either.
Furthermore, Lewis inadequately explains in her brief why this conclusion by the district court is wrong, so the issue of the national organization's liability is waived. See FED. R.APP. P. 28(a)(9)(A).
Lewis's argument essentially revolves around Beta Beta Chapter of Beta Theta Pi Fraternity v. May, 611 So.2d 889 (Miss. 1992), where the Supreme Court of Mississippi upheld a jury verdict against a fraternity and for a young woman who, as the invited guest to the regularly-sponsored "Ole Man River" fraternity party during the regular school year, was thrown by several fraternity brothers into a shallow pool constructed for the party, where the brothers had thrown in other women before the plaintiff. The district court properly distinguished that case because here PKT wasn't in session, fraternity members weren't required to be at the house, there was no fraternity event taking place at the house, much less a regular event, Lewis wasn't an invited guest to a fraternity function, and Lewis's injuries were caused only by Parker. In short, the fraternity in May acted as a fraternity in causing the plaintiffs injuries. The same is not true here. To hold otherwise would render PKT liable for almost all the acts of its members resulting from any illegal drinking at the house where one member provided alcohol to another.
Lewis also attempts to make a somewhat different argument: that Parker's avowed purpose in confronting the four-wheeler was to protect PKT property, hence Parker was acting for the fraternity collectively, supporting PKT liability. This argument is inadequately addressed on appeal, Lewis providing nothing but a bare assertion and conclusory argument. See FED. R.APP. P. 28(a)(9)(A); Gaines v. CUNA Mutual Ins. Soc, 681 F.2d 982, 985 (5th Cir. 1982). In any event, under the only relevant clause in the only relevant authority cited by Lewis, 6 AM. JUR.2D Assoc. CLUBS § 47, the member must be acting "collectively in the business for which the association is organized" for liability to attach, and Parker clearly wasn't so acting here.
AFFIRMED.