Opinion
2011-08-2
SEONG YIM KIM, et al., respondents-appellants,v.NEW YORK CITY TRANSIT AUTHORITY, et al., appellants-respondents.
Wallace D. Gossett (Sciretta & Venterina, LLP, Staten Island, N.Y. , of counsel), for appellants-respondents.Sackstein, Sackstein & Lee, LLP, Garden City, N.Y. (Leonard B. Chipkin of counsel), for respondents-appellants.
Wallace D. Gossett (Sciretta & Venterina, LLP, Staten Island, N.Y. [Marilyn Venterina], of counsel), for appellants-respondents.Sackstein, Sackstein & Lee, LLP, Garden City, N.Y. (Leonard B. Chipkin of counsel), for respondents-appellants.
In an action to recover damages for personal injuries, etc., the defendants appeal, by permission, from so much of an order of the Supreme Court, Queens County (Ritholtz, J.), entered December 14, 2010, as, upon a jury verdict in favor of the defendants on the issue of liability, in effect, granted that branch of the plaintiffs' oral motion pursuant to CPLR 4404(a) which was to set aside the verdict as contrary to the weight of the evidence and for a new trial, and the plaintiffs cross-appeal, as limited by their brief, from so much of the same order as, in effect, denied that branch of their oral motion which was to set aside the verdict and for judgment in their favor as a matter of law on the issue of liability.
ORDERED that on the Court's own motion, the plaintiff's notice of cross appeal is treated as an application for leave to cross-appeal, and leave to cross-appeal is granted; and it is further,
ORDERED that the order is reversed insofar as appealed from, on the law and the facts, and that branch of the plaintiffs' oral motion pursuant to CPLR 4404(a) which was to set aside the verdict as contrary to the weight of the evidence and for a new trial is denied, the verdict is reinstated, and the matter is remitted to the Supreme Court, Queens County, for entry of a judgment in accordance with the verdict; and it is further,
ORDERED that the order is affirmed insofar as cross-appealed from; and it is further,
ORDERED that one bill of costs is awarded to the defendants.
The plaintiff Seong Yim Kim (hereinafter the plaintiff-pedestrian) allegedly was involved in an accident while walking across Roosevelt Avenue in Queens, when a bus owned by the defendant New York City Transit Authority (hereinafter the NYCTA) and operated by its employee, the defendant Howard Frye, made a left turn from Bowne Street at its intersection with Roosevelt Avenue and struck her. At the time of the accident, the plaintiff-pedestrian's husband, the plaintiff Seok Cho Kim (hereinafter the plaintiff-husband) was on the opposite side of Roosevelt Avenue waiting for another bus.
The plaintiff-pedestrian and the plaintiff-husband, suing derivatively, commenced this action against the NYCTA and Frye, to recover damages allegedly sustained as a result of the defendants' negligence. After the trial, the jury returned a verdict finding that the defendants were not negligent in the happening of the accident. The plaintiffs orally moved pursuant to CPLR 4404(a) to set aside the verdict and for judgment in their favor on the issue of liability or to set aside the verdict as contrary to the weight of the evidence and for a new trial. The Supreme Court granted that branch of the motion which was to set aside the verdict as contrary to the weight of the evidence and for a new trial.
CPLR 4404(a) states that a court may set aside a jury verdict and either (1) “direct that judgment be entered in favor of a party entitled to judgment as a matter of law” or (2) “order a new trial ... where the verdict is contrary to the weight of the evidence.” A jury verdict should not be set aside as contrary to the weight of the evidence unless “the evidence so preponderate[s] in favor of the [moving party] that the jury could not have reached the verdict by any fair interpretation of the evidence” ( Acosta v. City of New York, 84 A.D.3d 706, 708, 921 N.Y.S.2d 644; see Harris v. Marlow, 18 A.D.3d 608, 610, 795 N.Y.S.2d 608;
Schiskie v. Fernan, 277 A.D.2d 441, 716 N.Y.S.2d 702). “[I]t is within the province of the jury to determine issues of credibility, and great deference is accorded to the jury given its opportunity to see and hear the witnesses” ( Palermo v. Original California Taqueria, Inc., 72 A.D.3d 917, 918, 898 N.Y.S.2d 502).
Here, there was a fair interpretation of the evidence supporting the jury's determination that the defendants were not negligent in failing to yield the right of way to a pedestrian lawfully in a crosswalk at the time a steady green traffic signal was exhibited ( see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1111[a][1] ) or failing to see what was there to be seen ( see Vehicle and Traffic Law § 1146; see e.g. Kaminsky v. M.T.A. N.Y. City Tr. Auth., 79 A.D.3d 411, 412, 911 N.Y.S.2d 698).
The plaintiff-pedestrian testified that she saw the bus in motion before she entered the roadway at a fast pace in order to meet her husband, and her husband testified that the bus was in the middle of its turn when it struck her. Frye testified that he did not observe any pedestrians upon looking in all directions before proceeding into the intersection, and that the plaintiff-pedestrian was in the street near the rear wheels of his bus immediately after the impact. It was a fair interpretation of this evidence for the jury to have found that the plaintiff-pedestrian was not in the crosswalk when Frye started making his turn and that she was beyond his view. Thus, the Supreme Court erred in setting aside the jury's verdict in favor of the defendants ( see Singh v. New York City Tr. Auth., 143 A.D.2d 1001, 533 N.Y.S.2d 603; Collazo v. Metropolitan Suburban Bus Auth., 68 A.D.3d 803, 891 N.Y.S.2d 129; cf. Rogers v. City of New York, 52 A.D.3d 589, 590, 860 N.Y.S.2d 158; Blazer v. Tri–County Ambulette Serv., 285 A.D.2d 575, 728 N.Y.S.2d 742).
In light of our determination, the plaintiffs' contention is academic.