Opinion
Argued and Submitted June 13, 2006.
NOT FOR PUBLICATION. (See Federal Rule of Appellate Procedure Rule 36-3)
Stephen M. Shaw, Esq., Honolulu, HI, for Plaintiff--Appellant.
John T. Komeiji, Esq., Watanabe Ing & Kawashima, Honolulu, HI, for Plaintiff.
Peter W. Olson, Cades, Schutte, Fleming & Wright, Paul Alston, Thomas E. Bush, Esq., Dianne W. Brookins, Alston Hunt Floyd & Ing, Pauahi Tower, Koshiba, Agena & Kubota, Honolulu, HI, for Defendants-Appellees.
Appeal from the United States District Court for the District of Hawaii, Susan Oki Mollway, District Judge, Presiding.
Before B. FLETCHER, PREGERSON, and CANBY, Circuit Judges.
This disposition is not appropriate for publication and may not be cited to or by the courts of this circuit except as provided by 9th Cir. R. 36-3.
Jo Ann Kilar appeals the district court's grant of summary judgment in this ERISA action arising out of Hawaii Medical Services Association's (HMSA) refusal to pay for lung volume reduction surgery to treat Kilar's emphysema. We have jurisdiction over the district court's final judgment. See 28 U.S.C. § 1291. We review de novo the grant of summary judgment, and we affirm. See Boise Cascade Corp. v. United States, 329 F.3d 751, 754 (9th Cir.2003).
HMSA did not act arbitrarily or capriciously when it denied coverage for lung volume reduction surgery because it was an experimental procedure that the policy excluded. See Jordan v. Northrop Grumman Corp. Welfare Benefit Plan, 370 F.3d 869, 874-75 (9th Cir.2004) (stating that a discretionary determination is an abuse of discretion "only when it is arbitrary and capricious"). The plan excluded "experimental or investigative" treatments which it defined as procedures
Because Kilar's plan unambiguously granted HMSA the discretion to determine her eligibility for coverage and to construe the terms of the plan, we review HMSA's coverage decision for an abuse of discretion. See Aetna Health Inc. v. Davila, 542 U.S. 200, 210, 124 S.Ct. 2488, 159 L.Ed.2d 312 (2004); Kearney v. Standard Ins. Co., 175 F.3d 1084, 1088-89 (9th Cir.1999). HMSA would still prevail, however, if we reviewed its coverage decision de novo. Kilar does not dispute the key fact against her that, at the time she sought coverage, the National Emphysema Treatment Trial Research Group was studying lung volume reduction surgery to determine its safety and efficacy.
Page 549.
that are "the subject of" phase I, II, or III trials, or "otherwise under study" to determine "its maximum tolerated dose, its toxicity, its safety, its efficacy or its efficacy as compared with a standard means of treatment or diagnosis." When Kilar requested coverage for lung volume reduction surgery in August 2001, the National Emphysema Treatment Trial was testing the safety and efficacy of lung volume reduction surgery in emphysema patients. On October 11, 2001, while HMSA was considering Kilar's coverage request, preliminary results from the Trial were published in the New England Journal of Medicine. The preliminary report stated that the study was continuing and that final results would be reported once the trial was completed. The preliminary results from the trial indicated that patients who met two criteria were unlikely to benefit from lung volume reduction surgery and had a high risk of death from the procedure. Kilar satisfied both of the exclusionary criteria the study identified.
Killar also appeals the district court's dismissal of the claims she asserted along with her ERISA coverage claim. We review de novo and affirm. See Winterrowd v. Am. Gen. Annuity Ins. Co., 321 F.3d 933, 937 (9th Cir.2003). Kilar did not establish a prima facie case to support her RICO claims. See Miller v. Yokohama Tire Corp., 358 F.3d 616, 620 (9th Cir.2004) (holding that a prima facie RICO case must articulate "(1) the conduct (2) of an enterprise (3) through a pattern (4) of racketeering activity"); Wagh v. Metris Direct, Inc., 348 F.3d 1102, 1111 (9th Cir.2003) (holding that a RICO plaintiff must articulate the existence of an enterprise beyond that which was inherent in the alleged racketeering activity, and the mechanisms for controlling and directing the enterprise on an on-going basis). Kilar's non-coverage ERISA claims were properly dismissed because HMSA was not the plan administrator and therefore did not have a duty to tell her about the plan's remedy restrictions. See Moran v. Aetna Life. Ins. Co., 872 F.2d 296, 299 (9th Cir.1989). Kilar's state law fraud and tort claims are preempted because they relate to her ERISA plan and fall within ERISA's exclusive remedial scheme. See Aetna Health, 542 U.S. at 214-15, 124 S.Ct. 2488 (holding that state actions to recover benefits are preempted even if they are: (1) tort claims, (2) based on an external state statutory duty; and (3) non-duplicative of ERISA remedies).
The judgment of the district court is
AFFIRMED.