Opinion
2014-05-7
Alla KATS–KAGAN, appellant, v. CITY OF NEW YORK, et al., respondents.
William Pager, Brooklyn, N.Y., for appellant. Zachary W. Carter, Corporation Counsel, New York, N.Y. (Kristin M. Helmers and Jacob Gardener of counsel), for respondent City of New York.
William Pager, Brooklyn, N.Y., for appellant. Zachary W. Carter, Corporation Counsel, New York, N.Y. (Kristin M. Helmers and Jacob Gardener of counsel), for respondent City of New York.
Malapero & Prisco LLP, New York, N.Y. (Andrew L. Klauber of counsel), for respondent Prospect Park Alliance, Inc.
MARK C. DILLON, J.P., L. PRISCILLA HALL, LEONARD B. AUSTIN, and COLLEEN D. DUFFY, JJ.
In a consolidated action to recover damages for personal injuries, the plaintiff appeals, as limited by her brief, from so much of an order of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Velasquez, J.), dated March 9, 2012, as granted those branches of the separate motions of the defendant Prospect Park Alliance, Inc., and the defendant City of New York which were for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against each of them.
ORDERED that the order is modified, on the law, by deleting the provision thereof granting that branch of the motion of the defendant City of New York which was for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against it, and substituting therefor a provision denying that branch of the motion; as so modified, the order is affirmed insofar as appealed from, with one bill of costs to the plaintiff payable by the defendant City of New York, and one bill of costs to the defendant Prospect Park Alliance, Inc., payable by the plaintiff.
The plaintiff, an experienced ice skater, allegedly was injured while ice skating at a rink owned by the defendant City of New York. She testified at her deposition that a uniformed employee, who was skating around the rink in the wrong direction in a “zigzag,” suddenly made a “loop” and extended his leg, bringing his skate into contact with the front of the plaintiff's left leg, causing her to trip and fall.
Voluntary participants in a sport or recreational activity “may be held to have consented, by their participation, to those injury-causing events which are known, apparent or reasonably foreseeable consequences of the participation” ( Turcotte v. Fell, 68 N.Y.2d 432, 439, 510 N.Y.S.2d 49, 502 N.E.2d 964;see Morgan v. State of New York, 90 N.Y.2d 471, 484, 662 N.Y.S.2d 421, 685 N.E.2d 202). Although collisions between skaters are a common occurrence, and thus an inherent risk to ice skating ( see Bleyer v. Recreational Mgt. Serv. Corp., 289 A.D.2d 519, 735 N.Y.S.2d 616;Vega v. County of Westchester, 282 A.D.2d 738, 724 N.Y.S.2d 72; Kleiner v. Commack Roller Rink, 201 A.D.2d 462, 607 N.Y.S.2d 142), “ participants do not consent to acts which are reckless or intentional” ( Turcotte v. Fell, 68 N.Y.2d at 439, 510 N.Y.S.2d 49, 502 N.E.2d 964, citing McGee v. Board of Educ., 16 A.D.2d 99, 226 N.Y.S.2d 329), or to any “ unassumed, concealed or unreasonably increased risks” ( Benitez v. New York City Bd. of Educ., 73 N.Y.2d 650, 658, 543 N.Y.S.2d 29, 541 N.E.2d 29).
Here, the evidence submitted by the City in support of its motion failed to establish as a matter of law that the injury-causing event was a known, apparent, or reasonably foreseeable consequence of the plaintiff's participation in the sport. The City's submissions raised questions of fact as to whether the conduct of its employee, the skating guard who allegedly caused the plaintiff's accident, was reckless or intentional and unreasonably increased the risk of a collision ( see id.; Turcotte v. Fell, 68 N.Y.2d at 439, 510 N.Y.S.2d 49, 502 N.E.2d 964;see also Winkler v. County of Nassau, 56 A.D.3d 550, 871 N.Y.S.2d 145;Shorten v. City of White Plains, 224 A.D.2d 515, 637 N.Y.S.2d 791). Since the City failed to meet its prima facie burden, it is unnecessary to consider the sufficiency of the plaintiff's opposing papers ( see Alvarez v. Prospect Hosp., 68 N.Y.2d 320, 324, 508 N.Y.S.2d 923, 501 N.E.2d 572). Accordingly, the Supreme Court should have denied that branch of the City's motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the complaint insofar as asserted against it.
However, the defendant Prospect Park Alliance, Inc. (hereinafter the Alliance), which had, inter alia, a license with the City to operate a concession stand and a skate rental service at the rink, was properly awarded judgment as a matter of law. The Alliance established, prima facie, that it did not employ any of the individuals allegedly involved in the accident and was not responsible for maintaining or supervising the ice rink ( see Winegrad v. New York Univ. Med. Ctr., 64 N.Y.2d 851, 853, 487 N.Y.S.2d 316, 476 N.E.2d 642). In opposition, the plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue of fact ( see Alvarez v. Prospect Hosp., 68 N.Y.2d at 324, 508 N.Y.S.2d 923, 501 N.E.2d 572).