Opinion
3:24cv246/LAC/ZCB
06-05-2024
SHAQUON R JOHNSON, FDOC Inmate #C07844, Plaintiff, v. J. NEEL, et al., Defendants.
REPORT AND RECOMMENDATION
ZACHARY C. BOLITHO, UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE
Plaintiff Shaquon R. Johnson is an inmate of the Florida Department of Corrections (FDOC). He is proceeding pro se in this civil rights action under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. (Doc. 1). After reviewing Plaintiff's complaint, the Court recommends this case be dismissed without prejudice as malicious under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1) because Plaintiff has abused the judicial process.
The prisoner civil rights complaint form requires a prisoner to list his prior litigation history. The form must be signed under penalty of perjury. The Eleventh Circuit has made clear that a prisoner's case may be dismissed without prejudice for misrepresenting litigation history on the complaint form. See, e.g., Burrell v. Warden I, 857 Fed.Appx. 624, 625 (11th Cir. 2021) (affirming dismissal of prisoner's complaint where prisoner failed to identify two prior federal lawsuits).Dismissal is appropriate, even if the prisoner claims that a misunderstanding caused his failure to disclose litigation history. See Redmon v. Lake Cnty. Sheriff's Office, 414 Fed.Appx. 221, 226 (11th Cir. 2011) (affirming dismissal for failure to disclose litigation history and concluding that prisoner's failure was not excused by his claimed misunderstanding of the form).
A raft of Eleventh Circuit cases say the same thing. See, e.g., Kendrick v. Sec'y, Fla. Dep't of Corr., No. 21-12686, 2022 WL 2388425, at *3 (11th Cir. July 1, 2022) (“A plaintiff's bad-faith litigiousness or manipulative tactics, which include lying about one's litigation history, warrant dismissal under § 1915”); Rickerson v. Sec'y, Fla. Dep't of Corr., No. 21-12110-F, 2021 WL 6098415, at *1 (11th Cir. Nov. 2, 2021) (concluding dismissal of prisoner's complaint as malicious was warranted where plaintiff disclosed six state actions and two federal actions but failed to disclose additional state actions that related to his incarceration or conditions of confinement); Sears v. Haas, 509 Fed.Appx. 935, 935-36 (11th Cir. 2013) (affirming dismissal of prisoner's complaint as malicious for abuse of judicial process where prisoner failed to disclose previously filed cases); Jackson v. Fla. Dep't of Corr., 491 Fed.Appx. 129, 132-33 (11th Cir. 2012) (same); Shelton v. Rohrs, 406 Fed.Appx. 340, 340-41 (11th Cir. 2010) (same); Hood v. Tompkins, 197 Fed.Appx. 818, 819 (11th Cir. 2006) (same).
Here, the complaint form required Plaintiff to disclose information regarding prior civil cases he had filed in state and federal court. (Doc. 1 at 21-24). Question C of that Section asked Plaintiff if he had “filed any other lawsuit in federal court either challenging [his] conviction or otherwise relating to the conditions of [his] confinement.” (Id. at 23). Plaintiff disclosed three cases: (1) Johnson v. Tollick, Case No. 3:24cv439 (M.D. Fla.) (pending); (2) Johnson v. Hunt, Case No. 3:23cv802 (M.D. Fla.) (pending); and (3) Johnson v. Neel, 3:24cv477 (M.D. Fla.) (pending). At the end of the complaint form, Plaintiff signed his name after the following certification: “I declare under penalty of perjury that the foregoing . . . is true and correct.” (Id. at 24-25).
Plaintiff, therefore, certified that at the time he filed this case on May 24, 2024, he had not filed any other lawsuit relating to the conditions of confinement other than the three cases listed.The Court has screened Plaintiff's complaint under 28 U.S.C. § 1915A to determine whether it is subject to dismissal for any of the grounds listed in that statute, including maliciousness. Upon researching Plaintiff's litigation history, the Court has discovered that Plaintiff failed to accurately disclose his litigation history on the complaint form. According to Public Access to Court Electronic Records (PACER), Plaintiff commenced the following actions prior to filing his complaint in this case:
The “filed” date is the date Plaintiff certified that he delivered the complaint to jail officials for mailing. See Houston v. Lack, 487 U.S. 266, 270 (1988) (a pro se prisoner's document is deemed filed on the date the prisoner delivered it to prison authorities for forwarding to the court).
• Johnson v. Moore, Case No. 3:19cv612 (M.D. Fla.) (closed Nov. 23, 2020).
• Johnson v. Dixon, Case No. 3:23cv6730 (N.D. Fla.) (closed June 9, 2023).
• Johnson v. Collins, Case No. 3:24cv502 (M.D. Fla.) (Plaintiff signed the complaint on May 12, 2024 and it was received by prison officials to mail on May 15, 2024).
In Johnson v. Moore, Plaintiff alleged officers at Suwannee Correctional Institution violated his Eighth Amendment rights by using excessive force upon him. See Case No. 3:19cv612 (M.D. Fla.) (Doc. 1). In Johnson v. Dixon, Plaintiff filed a motion for preliminary injunction complaining of the conditions at Santa Rosa Correctional Institution and requesting a Court order placing him in protective management from officers, requiring a Lieutenant “or above” be present whenever he exists his cell, requiring a medical examination for injuries sustained during two cell extractions, placing him in a mental health unit, and for the mail room staff to stop “hindrances of his incoming and outgoing mail.” See Case No. 3:23cv6730 (N.D. Fla.) (Doc. 1 at 5). In Johnson v. Collins, Plaintiff alleges FDOC defendants failed to provide him with adequate medical treatment. See Case No. 3:24cv502 (M.D. Fla.) (Doc. 1). Since these cases relate to the conditions of his confinement and were commenced before he filed the current action, they should have been disclosed in Question C.
How does the Court know that this Shaquon R. Johnson and the Shaquon R. Johnson that commenced the above cases are one and the same? The plaintiff in the above cases listed FDOC Inmate #C07844 on his complaints. Plaintiff lists the same inmate number on the complaint form in this case. (Doc. 1 at 1).
The prior litigation portion of the complaint form serves important purposes. First, it permits efficient consideration of whether the prisoner is entitled to pursue the current action under the Prison Litigation Reform Act's “three strikes” provision. Second, it allows the Court to determine whether an action is related to, or otherwise should be considered in conjunction with, another lawsuit. Third, it enables the Court to determine whether any issues raised in the current action have been previously decided by another judge. These purposes are thwarted, and the efficiency of the judicial system diminished, when a prisoner misstates his litigation history on the complaint form.
Plaintiff's pro se status does not excuse him from following the rules, including the requirement that litigants be truthful with the Court. See Kendrick v. Sec'y, Fla. Dep't of Corr., No. 21-12686, 2022 WL 2388425, at *3 (11th Cir. July 1, 2022) (stating that pro se litigants “owe the same duty of candor to the court as imposed on any other litigant”). The Court is concerned that if misrepresentations on the complaint form are not met with consequences, then word will spread throughout the prisons that the complaint forms need not be truthfully completed. See Rodriguez v. Inch, No. 4:19cv191/RH/HTC (Doc. 52) (N.D. Fla. June 7, 2020) (“If the requirement for prisoner plaintiffs to disclose their prior lawsuits is to serve its purpose, a plaintiff must provide accurate information. If word got around the prisons that inaccurate or incomplete information could be provided with no effective sanction, the form would serve little purpose.”).
As detailed above, Plaintiff misrepresented-under penalty of perjury-his prior litigation history on the complaint form. Consistent with the Eleventh Circuit precedent previously cited, it is recommended that Plaintiff's complaint be dismissed without prejudice.
Providing Plaintiff an opportunity to amend his complaint to disclose the previous lawsuit would be an inadequate sanction for his conduct. See Young v. Sec'y for Dep't of Corr., 380 Fed.Appx. 939, 940-41 (11th Cir. 2010) (holding that district court did not abuse its discretion by not providing a prisoner with an opportunity to amend his complaint to disclose lawsuits that should have been disclosed initially).
Accordingly, it is respectfully RECOMMENDED:
1. That this case be DISMISSED without prejudice as malicious, pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1915A(b)(1);
2. All pending motions be DENIED as moot; and
3. The Clerk of Court be directed to enter judgment accordingly and close this case.
Notice to the Parties
Objections to these proposed findings and recommendations must be filed within fourteen days of the date of the Report and Recommendation. Any different deadline that may appear on the electronic docket is for the Court's internal use only and does not control. An objecting party must serve a copy of the objections on all other parties. A party who fails to object to the magistrate judge's findings or recommendations contained in a report and recommendation waives the right to challenge on appeal the district court's order based on unobjected-to factual and legal conclusions. See 11th Cir. Rule 3-1; 28 U.S.C. § 636.