Opinion
Civil No. 2007-36, Re: Bankruptcy No. 06-30008, Civil No. 2007-37, Re: Bankruptcy No. 06-30007.
August 19, 2009
Carol Ann Rich, Esq., St. Thomas, U.S.V.I., For Innovative Communication Company, LLC, and Emerging Communications, Inc. Daniel J. DeFranceshi, Esq., Wilmington, DE, For Innovative Communication Company, LLC, and Emerging Communications, Inc. Douglas P. Bartner, Esq., New York, NY, For Innovative Communication Company, LLC, and Emerging Communications, Inc. Thomas Alkon, Esq., St. Croix, U.S.V.I., For Jeffrey J. Prosser.
Michael J. Lichtenstein, Esq., Rockville, MD, For Jeffrey J. Prosser. Robert F. Craig, Esq., Omaha, NE, For Jeffrey J. Prosser.
Charles S. Russell, Jr., Esq., St. Thomas, U.S.V.I., For Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative.
William R. Greendyke, Esq., Houston, TX, For Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative.
Toby L. Gerber, Esq., Dallas, TX, For Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative.
Richard Hunter, Esq., St. Croix, U.S.V.I., For Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative.
Kent D. Bressie, Esq., Washington, D.C., For Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative.
Guy G. Gebhardt, Esq., Atlanta, GA, For the United States Trustee.
Jeffrey B. Moorehead, Esq., St. Croix, U.S.V.I., For the Virgin Islands Public Services Commission.
Matthew J. Duensing, Esq., St. Thomas, U.S.V.I., For Greenlight Capital Qualified, L.P., Greenlight Capital, L.P., Greenlight Capital Offshore, Ltd. Thomas J. Allingham, II., Esq., Wilmington, DE, For Greenlight Capital Qualified, L.P., Greenlight Capital, L.P., Greenlight Capital Offshore, Ltd.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Innovative Communication Company, LLC ("ICC-LLC"), Emerging Communications, Inc. ("ECI"), and Jeffrey J. Prosser ("Prosser") (collectively, the "Debtors") appeal from two orders issued by the United States Bankruptcy Court for the District of the Virgin Islands (the "Bankruptcy Division") on February 13, 2007: (1) an order denying the joint motion of ICC-LLC and ECI for appointment of a responsible officer for ICC-LLC and ECI, and (2) an order granting a motion to appoint a Chapter 11 trustee in the underlying bankruptcy matters (together, the "February 13, 2007, orders").
I. FACTUAL AND PROCEDURAL BACKGROUND
Because the Court has previously outlined the facts of this matter in related proceedings, the Court recites only those facts pertinent to its analysis in these particular appeals.
Prosser was an officer, director, and sole member of ICC-LLC. ICC-LLC is a limited liability company that owns ECI. Rural Telephone Finance Cooperative ("RTFC") is a member-owned, non-profit lending cooperative based in Virginia. Greenlight Capital Qualified, L.P., Greenlight Capital, L.P., Greenlight Capital Offshore, Ltd. (collectively referred to as "Greenlight") consist of two limited partnerships organized under Delaware law and a corporation organized in the British Virgin Islands. RTFC and Greenlight are creditors of ICC-LLC and ECI.
On April 26, 2006, RTFC, Greenlight and the Debtors entered into an agreement (the "Settlement Agreement" or the "Agreement") to resolve various lawsuits, disputes and claims among the parties. The Agreement provided that the Debtors could discharge RTFC's and Greenlight's claims against them, resulting from judgments entered against the Debtors and related entities amounting to approximately $600 million, for the discounted amount of $402 million. The Agreement contemplated that the Debtors would obtain outside financing and make the $402 million payment on or before July 31, 2006.
The Debtors did not secure final financing commitments by the July 31, 2006, deadline and did not pay RTFC or Greenlight any of the $402 million stipulated in the Settlement Agreement. Instead, on July 31, 2006, ICC-LLC and ECI (together, the "Corporate Debtors") filed voluntary petitions for relief under Chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code, 11 U.S.C. §§ 1101, et seq. ("Chapter 11").
In December, 2006, the Debtors filed a joint motion (the "Responsible Officer Motion") for entry of an order appointing a responsible officer for ICC-LLC and ECI. The United States Trustee, Greenlight, and RTFC all filed objections to the Debtors' motion for appointment of a responsible officer.
Also in December, 2006, the United States Trustee filed a motion (the "Trustee Motion") for entry of an order appointing a Chapter 11 trustee in the underlying bankruptcy cases. RTFC and Greenlight joined in the Trustee Motion. The Debtors filed a joint objection to the Trustee Motion. The Public Services Commission of the Virgin Islands (the "PSC"), as an interested party, also filed an objection to the Trustee Motion on grounds that the appointment of a trustee would constitute a change of control without PSC approval, in violation of title 30, section 43a of the Virgin Islands Code ("Section 43a").
On February 13, 2007, the Bankruptcy Division denied the Debtors' motion for appointment of a responsible officer to act on behalf of the Corporate Debtors. The Bankruptcy Division also granted the United States Trustee's motion for appointment of a Chapter 11 trustee.
On February 20, 2007, the Debtors filed a motion in the Bankruptcy Division for a stay of the February 13, 2007, orders pending appeal to this Court. On March 14, 2007, the Debtors moved this Court to stay the February 13, 2007, orders pending appeal.
On March 15, 2007, the Bankruptcy Division denied the Debtors' February 20, 2007, motion to stay. Also on March 15, 2007, the Bankruptcy Division issued an order appointing Stan Springel ("Springel") as the Chapter 11 trustee in the above-captioned cases. On March 19, 2007, this Court entered an Order denying the Debtors' motion to stay the February 13, 2007, orders pending appeal.
The Debtors timely filed notices of appeal from the February 13, 2007, orders, raising the following issues: (1) whether the Bankruptcy Division abused its discretion in granting the motion to appoint a Chapter 11 trustee, and (2) whether the Bankruptcy Division abused its discretion in denying the motion to appoint a responsible officer.
II. JURISDICTION AND STANDARD OF REVIEW
The Court has jurisdiction to review this case pursuant to Title 28 U.S.C. § 158(a). The Court will review the Bankruptcy Division's findings of fact for clear error and will exercise plenary review over questions of law. In re Barbel, No. 01-221, 2004 U.S. Dist. LEXIS 19417, at *2 (D.V.I. Sept. 21, 2004) ("A district court reviews the Bankruptcy Division's conclusions of law de novo but may only review findings of fact that are clearly erroneous.") (citing Fed.R.Bankr.P. 8013; In re Excalibur Auto. Corp., 859 F.2d 454, 457 (7th Cir. 1988)), aff'd 183 Fed. Appx. 227 (3d Cir. 2006). A bankruptcy court's decision to grant a motion to appoint a Chapter 11 trustee, or to deny a motion to appoint a responsible officer, is reviewed for abuse of discretion. See In re Marvel Entertainment Group Inc., 140 F.3d 463, 470 (3d Cir. 1998). A court will be held to have abused its discretion "if its decision was based on a clearly erroneous factual conclusion or an erroneous legal conclusion." United States v. Wise, 515 F.3d 207, 217 (3d Cir. 2008).
Title 28 U.S.C. § 158(a) provides that "[t]he district courts of the United States shall have jurisdiction to hear appeals . . . from final judgments, orders, and decrees . . . of bankruptcy judges entered in cases and proceedings referred to the bankruptcy judges under [ 28 U.S.C. § 157]." An appeal under this subsection shall be taken only to the district court for the judicial district in which the bankruptcy judge is serving." 28 U.S.C. § 158(a).
In its brief in this matter, Greenlight argues that this Court lacks jurisdiction over the Debtors' appeal from the Bankruptcy Division's order granting the motion for appointment of a trustee because such an order is not a final and appealable. However, in In re Marvel Entertainment Group Inc., 140 F.3d 463, 470 (3d Cir. 1998), the United States Court of Appeals for the Third Circuit held that an order appointing a trustee in a bankruptcy case is a final, appealable order. See id. at 470-71. Bound by that precedent, the Court rejects Greenlight's argument.
III. ANALYSIS
A. Standing to Appeal
Greenlight contends that the Debtors lack standing to pursue the instant appeal. As support for that contention, Greenlight relies on Federal Rule of Bankruptcy Procedure 2012(a) ("Rule 2012(a)"). Rule 2012 provides that, "[i]f a trustee is appointed in a chapter 11 case . . . the trustee is substituted automatically for the debtor in possession as a party in any pending action, proceeding, or matter." In Greenlight's view, pursuant to Rule 2012, Springel was automatically substituted in place of the Debtors as a party in the underlying proceedings. As such, Springel was the only party having standing to appeal the Bankruptcy Division's February 13, 2007, orders.
The right to appeal is part of the debtor's estate in bankruptcy. Martin v. Monumental Life Ins. Co., 240 F.3d 223, 232 (3d Cir. 2001); see also 11 U.S.C. § 541(a) (defining what comprises the bankruptcy estate). Accordingly, the right to appeal rests with the trustee, as "the representative of the estate." 11 U.S.C. § 323(a)-(b); see also Fed.R.Bankr.P. 6009 ("With or without court approval, the trustee . . . may prosecute or may enter an appearance and defend any pending action or proceeding by or against the debtor, or commence and prosecute any action or proceeding in behalf of the estate before any tribunal."). After a bankruptcy trustee has been appointed, only the trustee can pursue an appeal on behalf of the debtor corporation, unless the appeal has been abandoned by the trustee. See Martin, 240 F.3d at 232 (explaining that, because the right to appeal is part of the bankruptcy estate, only the trustee can pursue an appeal, unless the trustee has abandoned the appeal); see also In re Dawnwood Properties/78, 209 F.3d 114, 116 (2d Cir. 2000) (explaining that once the trustee was appointed to maximize the assets of the Chapter 11 estate, only the trustee — not the debtor or its principal equity holder — had the authority to sue on behalf of the estate); Bauer v. Commerce Union Bank, 859 F.2d 438, 441 (6th Cir. 1988) ("It is well settled that the right to pursue causes of action formerly belonging to the debtor . . . vests in the trustee for the benefit of the estate. . . . The debtor has no standing to pursue such causes of action." (internal quotations omitted)).
In this case, after Springel was appointed as Chapter 11 trustee for the Corporate Debtors, the authority to pursue appeals on behalf of Innovative belonged exclusively to Springel. Thus, when Springel was appointed at trustee, the Debtors lost standing to pursue the instant appeal. See, e.g., Riggs v. Aetna Life Ins. Co., 188 Fed. Appx. 659, 662-63 (10th Cir. June 14, 2006) (holding that a plaintiff who initiated a lawsuit and later filed for bankruptcy lacked standing to continue to pursue her claims in the lawsuit after a trustee in bankruptcy was appointed because "[a]t that point, the bankruptcy trustee, not Ms. Riggs, was the real party in interest"); In re Merrill Lynch Co., Inc. Research Reports Securities Litigation, 375 B.R. 719, 725-26 (S.D.N.Y. 2007) (holding that, when a debtor filed for bankruptcy and a trustee was appointed, he lost standing to pursue his claims in a pending action because "if the plaintiff loses standing at any time during the pendency of the proceedings in the district court or in the appellate courts, the matter becomes moot, and the court loses jurisdiction") (quoting Altman v. Bedford Cent. Sch. Dist., 245 F.3d 49, 69 (2d Cir. 2001)); see also In re Eisen, 31 F.3d 1447, 1451 n. 2 (9th Cir. 1994) ("[E]ven if Eisen is a "person aggrieved," Eisen, as a debtor, has no standing because Moneymaker, as trustee, is the representative of Eisen's estate.").
IV. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the Court will dismiss the Debtors' appeals from the Bankruptcy Division's February 13, 2007, orders. An appropriate Order follows.