Opinion
Case No. 09-00148.
October 24, 2011
MEMORANDUM DECISION REGARDING APPLICATIONS FOR APPROVAL OF COMPENSATION BY COUNSEL FOR DEBTOR
This addresses the First Interim Application for Approval of Compensation by Counsel for Debtor (Dkt. No. 443, filed December 1, 2009) and the Second and Final Application for Approval of Compensation by Counsel for Debtor (Dkt. No. 839, filed March 25, 2010). For the reasons that follow, I will grant in part and deny in part the applications.
I
On February 25, 2009, the debtor commenced the above-captioned case under chapter 11 of the Bankruptcy Code and on March 3, 2009, Tighe, Patton, Armstrong, Teasdale, LLC, filed a disclosure of compensation (Dkt. No. 15) and the debtor, as a debtor in possession exercising the powers of a trustee under 11 U.S.C. §§ 1101(1) and 1107(a), filed an application under 11 U.S.C. § 327 to employ that law firm as its counsel (Dkt. No. 16). The application to employ Tighe Patton was a bare-bones, five-paragraph filing. In substance, it disclosed that (1) the firm would bill at a maximum rate of $450 per hour; (2) it had received a prepetition retainer of $2,990.00, from which $1,951.00 in prepetition fees and $1,039 in filing fees were paid; (3) the firm held $50,000 in its trust account as an advance retainer; (4) the firm, its members, and employed attorneys were "disinterested persons within the meaning of 11 U.S.C. § 101(14)" and that "neither [the firm] nor any member or employed attorney represent[ed] or ha[d] any connection with or [held] or represent[ed] any interest adverse to the estate of the Debtor, its attorneys or accountants . . ."; and (5) that the employment of the firm was in the best interest of the debtor and the estate. The declaration of Kermit A. Rosenberg filed with the application under Fed.R.Bankr.P. 2014(a) recited that no member of his firm "has any connection with or represents any interest adverse to the debtor herein, its creditors, or any other party in interest herein, their attorneys, the United States Trustee, or any person employed in the Office of the United States Trustee," but disclosed the forgiveness of fees incurred by the debtor prepetition.
In the spring of 2009, Tighe, Patton, Armstrong, Teasdale, merged with another firm. The firm is now known and Butzel, Long, Tighe, Patton. For ease of reference I will continue to refer to the firm in this opinion as Tighe Patton.
Prior to the filing of any responses to its application to employ, Tighe Patton filed an amended disclosure of compensation, clarifying that of the $50,000 retainer, it had remitted $5,000 to the debtor for deposit in the debtor in possession account for administrative expenses. Tighe Patton also disclosed that it had waived $109,488.55 in prepetition legal fees not related to the bankruptcy.
Robert Patterson objected to Tighe Patton's application to employ on the basis that the firm suffered from impermissible conflicts of interest. In support of his objection, Patterson alleged that Tighe Patton had previously represented the debtor and its principal owner and CEO, David Castiel, in various litigation in New York and Washington D.C, and that upon the filing of the bankruptcy petition, the debtor's position vis-a-vis Castiel had become adverse. Patterson further contended that several oversights in the debtor's petition and schedules indicated that Tighe Patton was "a party in concealing the debtor's assets and exaggerating the Debtor's obligations." Based on these and other allegations, Patterson concluded that Tighe Patton was under Castiel's domination and control and would not act in the best interest of the estate.
In response to Patterson's objection, Tighe Patton filed a reply wherein it made additional disclosures relevant to its application to employ. First, with respect to Castiel, Tighe Patton disclosed that its representation of Castiel was limited to his official capacity as an employee and officer of Ellipso. Second, Tighe Patton disclosed that the debtor had paid it $5,000 for non-bankruptcy, prepetition services. The reply did not state the date on which the payment was made. Third, Tighe Patton disclosed that it had represented and continued to represent Virtual Geosatellite LLC in non-bankruptcy matters.
There are two Virtual Geosatellite companies at issue in this proceeding: Virtual Geosatellite LLC and Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc. Tighe Patton only initially made disclosures with respect to Virtual Geosatellite LLC.
The court held a hearing on Tighe Patton's application to employ at which Kermit Rosenberg, a member of Tighe Patton, appeared and presented testimony in support of the application. With respect to the firm's relationship to Castiel, Rosenberg disclosed that Tighe Patton had represented Ellipso and Castiel in his capacity as an officer for the company in other litigation for more than a year prior to the bankruptcy, but that the litigation in which it had previously represented Castiel had concluded and that the firm did not currently represent him. With respect to Virtual Geosatellite LLC, Rosenberg disclosed that Tighe Patton had previously represented the company, that the company held most of the valuable patents, and that these patents would be the source of any reorganization by the debtor. Rosenberg further stated that Tighe Patton had not provided any services for Virtual Geosatellite LLC since the petition date and that Ellipso had always paid for any services rendered to Virtual Geosatellite LLC. With respect to fees, Rosenberg disclosed that Tighe Patton had actually received $60,000 from the debtor as a retainer, but had remitted $15,000 of that back to the debtor upon the debtor's request for use to pay administrative expenses. Rosenberg also disclosed that the $5,000 payment Tighe Patton had received for non-bankruptcy, prepetition work was a check from the debtor that it received prior to the bankruptcy filing but that the check did not clear until after the case was filed. Finally, Rosenberg disclosed that all of the amounts paid to Tighe Patton came from the sale of securities in an account the debtor held at TD Ameritrade.
At the hearing Castiel waived any conflict with respect to Tighe Patton's prior representation of him.
Rosenberg testified that Castiel requested this additional amount so that the debtor could fund ongoing expenses of the company and that the $15,000 included $5,000 that Tighe Patton had previously remitted and that had proven insufficient.
Rosenberg agreed to return these funds to the debtor.
Patterson, John Mann, and Martha Davis, on behalf of the United States Trustee, appeared at the hearing on Tighe Patton's application to employ and voiced objections. Patterson reiterated the arguments set forth in his written objection and expressed concern that the source of Tighe Patton's retainer was an account on which he, as a creditor, held an attachment. Davis expressed concern that the amount received by Tighe Patton had increased to $60,000 and that Virtual Geosatellite LLC was an account debtor to Ellipso in the amount of $2.2 million. Davis also expressed concern about the sequential release of information by Tighe Patton and argued that this alone was a ground to deny its application for employment.
Ultimately, I granted Tighe Patton's application based upon Rosenberg's testimony and representations at the hearing. With respect to the conflict stemming from a prior representation of Castiel, I found that Castiel's waiver of the conflict cured the issue. With respect to Tighe Patton's failure to take a position with regards to whether Castiel should be held personally liable for a judgment in the District Court, I found that the debtor had not waived any rights against Castiel at that point, and, in any event, any tension that might exist because of that relationship was insufficient to disqualify Tighe Patton as counsel for the debtor. With respect to the source of the funds, I overruled Patterson's objection because there was no evidence that Patterson's writ of attachment had been served on TD Ameritrade prior to the transfer. Finally, with respect to the piecemeal nature of Tighe Patton's disclosures, I found Rosenberg's explanation sufficient, but made approval of Tighe Patton's retention subject to Tighe Patton filing an amended disclosure of compensation that sufficiently set forth the total amount of money it received from the debtor's TD Ameritrade account and how it distributed those funds. Tighe Patton filed its amended disclosure of compensation on April 13, 2009, and I entered the order approving its appointment on May 6, 2009.
On December 1, 2009, Tighe Patton filed its first interim application for approval of compensation and reimbursement of expenses as an administrative claim against the estate under 11 U.S.C. §§ 330(a) and 503(b)(2). In that application, Tighe Patton sought $148,689.00 for services rendered and $1,496.14 for out-of-pocket expenses for the period of February 25, 2009, through November 30, 2009. This consisted of 406.1 attorney hours at an average rate of $366.14 per hour.
John Page objected to Tighe Patton's fee application on the grounds that it had several non-disclosed prior representations of the debtor's affiliates and misfeasance during the case. With respect to the non-disclosure, Page contended that Tighe Patton had failed to disclose that it was counsel to two of the debtor's affiliates, Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc., and Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc., in Draim v. Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc., Case No. 01-cv-02690 (D.D.C. 2001). Page also contended that Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc., in contrast to Virtual Geosatellite LLC, owned 10% of Ellipso's equity interest and that Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc. had two potential claims against the debtor. With respect to Tighe Patton's misfeasance, Page contended, among other things, that Tighe Patton had made unauthorized payments to Linda Awkard, had wasted estate resources in unnecessary discovery disputes, had assisted Castiel in putting forth a phony funding scheme for the debtor's plan, and had filed frivolous objections to claims.
Robert Patterson, John Mann, Mann Technologies, LLC, and The Registry Solutions Company, like Page, all objected to Tighe Patton's fee application on the general bases that it held impermissible conflicts of interest and had provided no benefit to the estate. Further, Patterson, et al., additionally objected to the fee application on the basis that Tighe Patton's $450 per hour fee was unreasonable.
In response to the creditors' objections, Tighe Patton filed a supplemental disclosure to its initial application to employ. In that supplement, Tighe Patton disclosed five previously-undisclosed additional representations that it had undertaken of the debtor, its principal, and affiliates: Draim v. Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc. Ellipso Inc. v. Draim SST Global Technology, LLC v. Chapman Sahagan v. Castiel SST Global Technology, LLC v. Chapman Ellipso Inc. v. Inciardi SST Global Technology, LLC, v. Chapman
• Representation of Castiel, Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc., and Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc., in , Case No. 1:01-cv-2690 (D.D.C. 2009). Tighe Patton began its representation in January 2005. Castiel was dismissed as a party from the litigation in March 2006, but Tighe Patton continued as counsel of record for Virtual Geosatellite Holdings and Mobile Communications Holdings until September 2009. • Representation of Ellipso and Virtual Geosatellite LLC in , Case no. 1:06-cv-1373 (D.D.C. 2006). The representation in that case was from April 18, 2008, through April 28, 2008. • Representation of Ellipso, Castiel, and Virtual Geosatellite LLC in , Case No. 02-7687 (S.D.N.Y. 2006). The representation in that case was from September 2003 until July 2005, when the case was terminated pursuant to a settlement agreement. • Representation of Ellipso, Castiel, Virtual Geosatellite LLC, Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc., and Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc., in , Case No. 603117 (Sup. Ct., N.Y. 2007). The representation in that case was from May 2008 to September 2008 and related to an alleged breach of the settlement agreement in , set forth above. • Representation of Ellipso, Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc., and Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc., in , , Case No. 02-433 (D.D.C. 2002). The representation lasted for two days, until the case was dismissed by stipulation in accordance with the settlement agreement in , set forth above. Tighe Patton also disclosed that in June, July, and August 2008, it received $34,896.60 in fees from Ellipso, but had received no payments since that time from any of the parties for those cases.At the same time Tighe Patton filed its supplemental disclosure to the application to employ it filed a motion to withdraw as counsel to the debtor in possession, citing an impermissible conflict of interest with the debtor. That alleged conflict arose as follows. Shortly after Tighe Patton filed its application for compensation, Patterson, Mann, Mann Technologies, and The Registry Solutions Company filed a suit in the District Court against, among others, Tighe Patton and the debtor. In that suit, Patterson, et al., asserted fraud and civil RICO counts against both parties. The suit sought $30,000,000 in treble damages and $10,000,000 in punitive damages against the defendants. In its motion to withdraw, Tighe Patton contended that the RICO suit put it in a position adverse to the estate because, if it were found liable, it would have an administrative claim against the estate for indemnification. Tighe Patton further contended that in light of the creditors' opposition to its application for compensation and the RICO suit, it had an incentive to make sure that no plan was confirmed and could no longer act solely in the best interest of the estate. On January 5, 2010, I denied Tighe Patton's motion. Tighe Patton thereafter filed a motion to reconsider the order denying its motion for leave to withdraw, again citing to the District Court RICO lawsuit and its potential indemnification rights against the debtor as creating an impermissible conflict and, thus, necessitating its withdrawing as counsel for the debtor.
Prior to ruling on Tighe Patton's motion to reconsider, the United States Trustee filed a motion to remove the debtor as debtor in possession and appoint a trustee to oversee the estate. The Trustee filed its motion based on the inordinate level of conflict that had arisen in the case. At a hearing on January 19, 2010, I granted the United States Trustee's motion and directed the appointment of a chapter 11 trustee. In light of this, I granted in part Tighe Patton's motion to reconsider, requiring it to continue representing the debtor (which was no longer acting as a debtor in possession with fiduciary duties) with respect to carrying out its remaining duties as merely a debtor under the Bankruptcy Code but allowing Tighe Patton to represent its own interest in the case ( e.g., objecting to confirmation of the Mann Plan).
On March 25, 2010, Tighe Patton filed is Second and Final Application for Approval of Compensation by Counsel for Debtor. The application sought $18,872.19, consisting of $17,745 in attorneys' fees and $1,127.19 in costs as an administrative claim against the estate. Consistent with the court's order granting it authority to withdraw its representation of the debtor, Tighe Patton did not seek fees from the estate for services after December 22, 2009, other than for reviewing and filing the debtor's monthly operating reports required of it as a debtor in possession for months prior to the appointment of a trustee.
The creditors also filed an objection to Tighe Patton's second fee application. Creditors Mann Technologies, The Registry Solutions Company, John Mann, and Robert Patterson's objection was substantively identical to their objection to Tighe Patton's first application. Creditor John Page's objection incorporated the grounds in his original objection but added, as an additional ground, Tighe Patton's alleged continued malfeasance during the case.
The court held a hearing on the fee applications on May 18, 2010. Tighe Patton, the creditors, and Martha Davis, on behalf of the United States Trustee, appeared at the hearing. The United States Trustee joined in objecting to the application. After the presentation of evidence, I took the matter under advisement. This represents the court's findings of fact and conclusions of law.
II
The creditors challenge Tighe Patton's fee applications on three broad bases: impermissible conflicts under § 328, charging for services that were not beneficial to the estate, and failure to disclose all of its connections with the debtor prior to appointment as counsel. The United States Trustee joined with the creditors as to the third basis. The creditors also challenge Tighe Patton's hourly rates. I will address each contention in turn.
A
Creditors John Page, Robert Patterson, John Mann, Mann Technologies LLC, and The Registry Solutions all challenge Tighe Patton's fee application on the basis that its prepetition and postpetition representation of Castiel and affiliated entities of the debtor created a conflict of interest that preclude it from receiving fees for its work in the case. With respect to Castiel, the creditors contend that Tighe Patton's prior representation of Castiel has caused it to place his interest above the interest of the estate. Specifically, the creditors cite to the following acts: (1) "refusing to advocate placing any responsibility on D. Castiel for his actions which caused the bankruptcy of debtor"; (2) "refusing to take any actions to recover any moneys from D. Castiel for his malfeasances"; (3) filing "numerous false and materially misleading pleadings and schedules herein listing fraudulent claims; non existent creditors; false valuation of assets; and scurrilous accusations against Creditors and others who have questioned the conduct of D. Castiel"; (4) "opposing any and every effort by the Creditors to obtain information concerning Debtor's operations or financial status"; and (5) "extend[ing] this case by submitting false Plans and Disclosure Statements purportedly on behalf of the debtor, but in reality on behalf of D. Castiel." Joint Opp., DE 496, at 8. With respect to Tighe Patton's representation of the debtor's affiliates, the creditors urge that the Tighe Patton's postpetition representation of Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc., and Mobile Communications Holdings in the Draim case created a conflict that should preclude its receiving compensation because VGHI was equity interest holder in Ellipso and Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc. held an unscheduled claim against the debtor.
Sections 327 through 331 of the Bankruptcy Code govern the employment and compensation of attorneys for the debtor in possession. Pursuant to § 327(a) of the Bankruptcy Code, the debtor in possession is entitled to employ an attorney to represent and assist it in carrying out its duties under the Bankruptcy Code. The debtor may generally select the attorney of its choice, so long as the attorney does not "hold or represent an interest adverse to the estate" and is disinterested. 11 U.S.C. § 327(a). Pursuant to § 328(c) of the Bankruptcy Code, "the court may deny allowance of compensation for services and reimbursement of expenses of a professional person . . . if, at any time during such professional person's employment under section 327 . . . such professional person is not a disinterested person, or represents or holds an interest adverse to the interest of the estate with respect to the matter on which such professional person is employed." Section 101(14) of the Bankruptcy Code defines "disinterested person" to mean:
a person that —
(A) is not a creditor, an equity security holder, or an insider;
(B) is not and was not, within 2 years before the date of the filing of the petition, a director, officer, or employee of the debtor; and
(C) does not have an interest materially adverse to the interest of the estate or of any class of creditors or equity security holders, by reason of any direct or indirect relationship to, connection with, or interest in, the debtor, or for any other reason.
The scope of § 328(c) is limited by § 327(c), which provides that a person is not precluded from employment "solely because of such person's employment by or representation of a creditor, unless . . . there is an actual conflict of interest." Importantly, a party objecting to an application for compensation on the basis of a conflict of interest bears the burden of establishing the conflict. In re Leslie Fay Companies, Inc., 222 B.R. 718, 721 (S.D.N.Y. 1998); In re Huntco Inc., 288 B.R. 229, 236-37 (Bankr. E.D. Mo. 2002) ("Specifically, the representation of a debtor in possession's affiliate is not a per se representation of an interest that is adverse to the estate. Rather, the objecting party must identify some conflict between the affiliate and the debtor in possession apart from the affiliate relationship."); see also In re AOV Industries, Inc., 798 F.2d 491, 495-96 (D.C. Cir. 1986) (under 11 U.S.C. § 1103(b), once an attorney has formally stated that it has complied with that section, the burden is on the party alleging conflict of interest to produce evidence to support its claim).
The objecting creditors have failed to show that Tighe Patton was not a "disinterested person" as that term is defined in the Bankruptcy Code up until the point at which it sought to withdraw as counsel for the debtor. Up until the point that Patterson and Mann filed the RICO complaint in the District Court, Tighe Patton was neither a "creditor, an equity security holder, [n]or an insider" of the debtor. Indeed, prior to seeking employment, Tighe Patton waived all of its prepetition fees and agreed to return the one postpetition payment it received. Further, up until the filing of the RICO suit, Tighe Patton had no interest materially adverse to the estate: it was only upon the filing of the RICO complaint that it became in the firm's interest to oppose confirmation and move against the Mann Plan.
Likewise, the creditors have failed to show that Tighe Patton represented an interest adverse to the estate. With respect to Castiel, Rosenberg testified at both the hearing on Tighe Patton's fee application and the debtor's application to employ the firm, that the firm's representation of Castiel was limited to his official capacity as an officer of the debtor and the debtor's affiliates. Given this limitation, the interests of Ellipso and Castiel were aligned and no impermissible conflict exists.
Notwithstanding this, the objecting creditors contend that certain of Tighe Patton's acts within the case show that an impermissible conflict existed. For example, the objecting creditors made much of the fact that Tighe Patton declined to take a position on behalf of the debtor in the district court litigation on whether Castiel should be held personally liable for the so-called "bad faith judgment." This, however, is not the conflict itself, but would be the result of any alleged conflict. The same is true of the list of acts that the creditors detail in their objections: these would be all the the end result of any conflict. In all cases, the result is not enough. Rather, the creditors bore the burden of showing what position Tighe Patton took in representing Castiel was adverse to the estate. They have come forward with none, and thus this basis for disallowing the firm's compensation fails.
Some of these acts include the Tighe Patton's failure to use John Page's offer to purchase the company as the stalking horse bid, the failure of Tighe Patton to object to Castiel's bonus and wage claim (although the deadline for filing that objection had not yet passed), the actions taken by Tighe Patton to prevent the objecting creditors from obtaining discovery from the debtor, and "allowing" David Castiel to sell off assets of the debtor, among others.
Similarly, with respect to Tighe Patton's representation of Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc., the creditors have provided no evidence that the firm's representation of that entity was adverse to the estate. The mere representation of an affiliate of the debtor that has a potential claim in the bankruptcy is insufficient to disallow Tighe Patton's compensation. In re Global Marine, Inc., 108 B.R. 998, 1004 (Bankr. S.D. Tex. 1987) ("[M]ere existence of an intercompany claim does not in and of itself constitute an impermissible conflict of interest that would justify disqualification or denial of compensation."). While Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc. as an equity holder of the debtor potentially held an interest that was adverse to the estate, the representation of a party that held an adverse interest is not enough. Rather, Tighe Patton would have had to represent Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc. with respect to that adverse interest. The distinction is important. The Bankruptcy Code does not bar the representation of an entity with an interest adverse to the estate but, rather, the representation of an interest adverse to the estate. 11 U.S.C. § 328(c), § 327(c). The creditors have presented no evidence that Tighe Patton's representation of Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc. was with respect to its equity interest in Ellipso or that its representation in either the Draim, Sahagan, or Inciardi litigation was contrary to the interests of the debtor. Absent such evidence, Tighe Patton's prior representation of Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc. standing alone is not a basis for disallowing its application for compensation.
Tighe Patton's representation of Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc. is more problematic. First, as a preliminary matter, as with Tighe Patton's previous representation of Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc. the mere representation of an affiliate of the debtor that has a potential claim in the bankruptcy is insufficient to disallow Tighe Patton's compensation. In re Global Marine, Inc., 108 B.R. at 1004. Again, rather, Tighe Patton would have had to represent Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc. with respect to that adverse interest. In his objection to Tighe Patton's application for compensation, John Page contends this was the case.
As detailed in the debtor's Second Amended Disclosure Statement, pursuant to a 2002 stock purchase agreement Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc. was to transfer its interest in an entity known as ESBH to ICO Global in exchange for approximately 1.5 million shares of ICO Global stock. While Tighe Patton did not represent the debtor or Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc. in that transaction, it did represent both entities in a later lawsuit stemming from that transaction. Ultimately, that suit settled for approximately $3 million in May 2008. In his objection to Tighe Patton's application for compensation, John Page contends that the proceeds of the settlement went to Ellipso and that in light of the structure of the stock purchase agreement the proceeds of the settlement should have gone to Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc. Accordingly, Page concludes, the interests of the entities were adverse and, thus, Tighe Patton was precluded from representing the debtor in this proceeding. At the hearing on the Tighe Patton's fee application, however, Page presented no evidence to this effect. Without evidence relating to the structure of the settlement, whether Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc. received consideration for any transfer of the ICO Global stock to Ellipso, and the nature of Tighe Patton's representation as it relates to the settlement agreement, I cannot say that an actual conflict existed. Accordingly, this basis for disallowing Tighe Patton's application for compensation also fails.
B
The objecting creditors next contend that the court should deny Tighe Patton's fee application because the fees its seeks were not reasonable. Under § 330(a), the court is given wide discretion to review the reasonableness of fees. In determining reasonableness, the court may consider (i) the time spent, (ii) the rates charged, (iii) whether the services performed were necessary or beneficial to the completion of the case, (iv) whether the time spent on the services were "commensurate with the complexity, importance, and nature of the problem, issue, or task addressed," (v) the skill of the person seeking compensation, and (vi) whether the compensation sought is reasonable "based on the customary compensation charged by comparably skilled practitioners in cases other than cases under this title." 11 U.S.C. § 330(a)(3). Moreover, under § 330(a)(4), the court may disallow compensation for either unnecessary or duplicative services or services that were not reasonably likely to benefit the estate or necessary to the administration of the estate. At the hearing on Tighe Patton's application, the objecting creditors focused on the third factor: whether the services performed were necessary or beneficial to the estate.
In determining whether to grant an application for compensation for attorneys' fees, "courts objectively consider whether the services rendered were reasonably likely to benefit the estate from the perspective of the time when such services were rendered." In re Value City Holdings, Inc., 436 B.R. 300, 305 (Bankr. S.D.N.Y. 2010). In contrast to challenges as to disinterestedness and conflicts of interest, the burden of proof as to reasonableness rests upon the applicant. In re Vu, 366 B.R. 511, 521 (D. Md. 2007). "To satisfy this burden, a claimant must justify its charges with detailed, specific, itemized documentation. In re Bennett Funding Group Inc. 213 B.R. 324, 244 (Bankr N.D.N.Y. 1997). Moreover, "[t]his burden is not to be taken lightly, especially given that every dollar expended on legal fees results in a dollar less that is available for distribution to the creditors or for use by the debtor." In re Williams, 378 B.R. 811, 822 (Bankr. E.D. Mich. 2007) (quoting In re Pettibone Corp. 74 B.R. 293, 299 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 1987)).
The objecting creditors point to five specific matters in the case which they contend were not beneficial to the estate.
First, the objecting creditors take issue with Tighe Patton's actions regarding John Mann's motion to shorten exclusivity. Prior to the expiration of the exclusivity period, John Mann filed a motion to shorten the exclusivity period to allow him to file his own plan and preserve estate assets. (Dkt. No. 76, filed May 8, 2009). The debtor filed an opposition to the motion (Dkt. No. 114), and Mann subsequently withdrew the motion based on the debtor's alleged representation that it would not seek to extend the period (Dkt. No. 127). Rosenberg testified at the hearing on Tighe Patton's fee application that Tighe Patton advised the debtor to oppose Mann's motion because it "looked to be contrary to the interest of Ellipso and its creditors and looked like nothing more than a shell game to move the assets away from the creditors." I find Rosenberg's testimony credible in this respect.
The plan Mann filed with his motion to limit the exclusivity period transferred ownership of the company to Mann and provided limited payments to unsecured creditors: "The Plan provides for transfer of all equity interest in Debtor to Mann, reorganization of the business and for payment of administrative expense claims, deferred cash payments on secured claims and priority tax claims, and pro rata payments on claims of unsecured creditors." Unsecured creditors would receive not less than 10% of their allowed claims, payable pro rata from "Distributable Cash" over a five year term. "Distributable Cash" was not defined in the plan. Without this integral term, I agree that Mann's plan did not look to be in the best interest of creditors and Tighe Patton's opposition provided a benefit to the estate.
Next, the creditors contend that Tighe Patton's actions with respect to the funding of Ellipso's plan were not beneficial to the estate. On the day prior to the termination of the exclusivity period the debtor filed its first plan. The debtor's plan provided for a $600,000 stalking horse bid by David Castiel, which was subject to higher and better offers by third parties. In formulating the plan, Tighe Patton rejected a higher stalking-horse offer for $750,000 by John Page. Ultimately, Castiel's funding did not come through and the debtor was forced to withdraw its plan. The objecting creditors contend that Tighe Patton's rejection of John Page's bid was in bad faith and, thus, the fees incurred in connection with the debtor's plan should be disallowed.
At the hearing on Tighe Patton's fee application, Rosenberg testified that the debtor went with Castiel's offer because the funding was verifiable. Rosenberg also testified that the debtor was up against a deadline to file the plan before the exclusive period expired and that Page's offer was constantly changing in the days leading up to the deadline for the debtor to file its plan. Ultimately, Rosenberg continued, Castiel opted to go with his funding source for the plan and not Page's because he did not believe Page's funding source was solid. Rosenberg conducted no due diligence on Page's offer, instead relying on Castiel to look into Page's financials. Rosenberg further noted that because the plan was subject to higher and better offers, Page, or anyone else for that matter, could have put in a higher and better bid at any time and the debtor would have gone with that offer to fund its plan.
In opting for Castiel's offer, Rosenberg relied on the representations of Linda Awkard, special counsel to the debtor with respect to finding funding for the plan, that "she had first-hand knowledge and that she had seen strong evidence of their ability to fund this $600,000 in cash and in fact they would."
While I am sympathetic to Page's plight in getting his bid accepted as a stalking horse offer, I cannot say that in opting for Castiel's offer Tighe Patton did not provide a benefit to the estate. The disdain with which the firm treated Page was unbecoming of the standards to which professionals before this court should aspire. Nevertheless, given the looming exclusivity deadline, the lack of evidence regarding the viability of Page's funding source, and the fact that Castiel's offer was subject to higher and better offers, Tighe Patton's actions with respect to the debtor's plan provided a benefit to the estate and were justified under the circumstances, though the manner in which it treated Page was not. Accordingly, I will overrule the creditors' objection in this regard.
This case aptly demonstrates the untenable position in which counsel for a debtor in possession can be placed with respect to representing a debtor in possession charged with protecting the interests of the estate but being required to ascertain the debtor in possession's decisions from the debtor's management whose goals may deviate from the best interests of the estate. This, however, should not be construed as implying that Tighe Patton was representing Castiel in this case or, for that matter, an interest adverse to the estate. Castiel's views regarding exclusivity were not demonstrably adverse to the estate.
Third, the objecting creditors contend that Tighe Patton's work on drafting an objection to John Mann's plan and disclosure statement that was never filed provided no benefit to the estate and, thus, should not be compensable. After the exclusivity period expired on the debtor's plan, John Mann filed his proposed plan. This plan was amended from the plan he had attached to his motion to shorten exclusivity in that it provided for a combination of cash and redeemable warrants to unsecured creditors. Contrary to the creditors' assertion, however, Tighe Patton did file the objection to the plan and disclosure statement. In substance, the objection contended that the disclosure statement failed to provide adequate information. At the hearing on Mann's disclosure statement, I agreed with the debtor's arguments in this respect, but thought both Mann's plan and the debtor's plan should be permitted to go forward at the same time. This, I reasoned, would allow creditors to resolve the uncertainty contained in the Mann Plan by opting for the debtor's lump-sum payoff plan. Nevertheless, I granted Mann leave to file an amended plan if he saw fit. Mann opted to stay with his initial plan.
In light of the fact that Tighe Patton actually filed the objection to the Mann Plan and in light of the fact that I ultimately agreed with its contentions, I do not find that the fees it seeks with respect to the objection were not of benefit to the estate. Indeed, if the debtor had not filed a competing liquidating plan, I would have likely required Mann to amend his plan to provide more information to creditors. Accordingly, I will overrule the creditors' objection in this regard.
Fourth, the objecting creditors contend that the time Tighe Patton spent contesting the creditors' discovery requests did not provide a benefit to the estate. Over the course of the case, the objecting creditors attempted on numerous occasions to get access to the debtor's business and financial records. Tighe Patton billed 29.4 hours relating to these discovery requests. Of this, only 4.4 of the hours Tighe Patton spent were in conferring to attempt to resolve the disputes. Less that amount, this resulted in total fees billed to the estate of $8,760. When asked about these actions on the stand, Rosenberg's only justification was that it was based upon Patterson's prior felony conviction, and, with respect to requests for documents by Mann and Page, their affiliation with Patterson.
This explanation is insufficient to carry Tighe Patton's burden to show the fees incurred in opposing the discovery requests were reasonable. The fact that a party requesting documents had previously been convicted of a felony or, even more tenuous, that the party was affiliated with a person convicted of a felony does not provide a sound basis for denying discovery. Most of the time Tighe Patton billed opposing the objecting creditors discovery requests related to technical violations of the discovery rules. Ultimately, Tighe Patton's policy of resisting discovery to these creditors resulted in nothing more than running up fees against the estate and delaying the inevitable. More than mere distrust or dislike of a creditor is required to justify such actions. Accordingly, I will disallow the $8,760 in fees Tighe Patton billed for in engaging in these acts.
Finally, the objecting creditors contend that by filing a motion to convert after the debtor was unable to secure funding for its plan and by objecting to the creditors' claims Tighe Patton was only trying to "play spoiler to the Mann Plan" and, thus, providing no benefit to the estate. On both counts I disagree. After the debtor's plan fell through, filing a motion to convert was the most responsible action the debtor could have taken. Indeed, to this day I am at a loss as to why this case remains in Chapter 11 and the trustee has not pressed for its conversion. With respect to the objections to claims, the fact that this court has upheld them is alone sufficient to demonstrate their benefit to the estate. That the debtor might have been selective in choosing which objections to pursue first does not mean those that it did pursue were wasted efforts. Accordingly, I will overruling this objection as well.
The debtor later requested that the hearing on its motion to covert be deferred, and has not requested that a hearing be re-set.
C
The creditors' final basis for disallowing Tighe Patton's fees relates to the piecemeal nature of Tighe Patton's disclosures in this case. The United States Trustee joins in this portion of the creditors' objection.
Under Fed.R.Bankr.P. 2014, an attorney or firm seeking to be appointed as counsel to the debtor in possession has a duty to disclose "to the best of the applicant's knowledge, all of the person's connections with the debtor, creditors, any other party in interest, their respective attorneys and accountants, the United States trustee, or any person employed in the office of the United States trustee." Failure to make such disclosures can result in revocation of the order authorizing the firm's employment and a denial of compensation. In re Crivelo, 134 F.3d 831, 836 (3d Cir. 1998). If the nondisclosure is intentional, the court "[s]hould not hesitate to order the denial of all compensation." In re Midway Indus. Contractors, Inc., 272 B.R. 651, 663 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 2001); see also Crivelo, 134 F.3d at 839. Where, however, the failure to disclose is unintentional, whether to disallow fees is within the court's discretion. In re Raymond Prof'l Grp., Inc., 421 B.R. 891, 906 (Bankr. N.D. Ill. 2009). In determining whether it is appropriate to disallow fees, courts have weighed five factors:
• Whether the connections at issue would have created a disqualifying interest under section 327(a); • the materiality of the information omitted; • counsel's efforts to correct the deficiency; • the benefits provided to the estate by counsel; and • whether the failure to disclose was inadvertent or intentional. In re American Int'l Refinery, Inc., 436 B.R. 364, 380 (Bankr. W.D. La. 2010) (setting forth the factors and citing cases).At the hearing on Tighe Patton's application, Kermit Rosenberg provided testimony regarding Tighe Patton's connections with the debtor, its principal and affiliates, and the firm's failure to disclose those connections with its application to employ and initial disclosures. With respect to the firm's disclosures in its application to employ, Rosenberg testified as follows: Draim Draim Draim
Upon review of the docket in the District Court, the only work done in that case postpetition was the filing by Thomas Patton of a motion to extend time to file an appeal of Judge Facciola's findings of facts and conclusions of law in the proceeding and a reply to Draim's opposition to the motion.
First, I do not find that the connections at issue would have created a disqualifying interest under section 327(a). As previously stated, that provision only prohibits that representation of an interest adverse to the estate, not the representation of a entity that happens to hold an adverse interest. There has been no evidence that the firm represented any entity with respect to an interest adverse to the estate.
Second, I do find that the information Tighe Patton failed to disclose was material. Although Tighe Patton did not represent an interest adverse to the estate in the prior and ongoing litigation, it did represent entities that potentially held such interests. Mobile Communications Holdings, Inc. held a potential claim against the estate based upon the Sahagan settlement proceeds having gone to Ellipso. Virtual Geosatellite Holdings, Inc. held an equity interest in the debtor. A firm's prior representation of a creditor and equity holder of the debtor would raise a red flag in any case that would require a close look by the court to insure there were no conflicts.
Third, I find that counsel's efforts to correct this deficiency were inadequate. From the moment Tighe Patton sought to be appointed as counsel, the objecting creditors contended that there were serious conflict issues surrounding its previous representation of the debtor, Castiel, and the debtor's affiliates. Although, to be sure, the creditors did not initially explicitly detail those conflicts, their initial and continuing objections throughout the case certainly put the firm on notice. Indeed, Robert Patterson's objection to Debtor's application to appoint Tighe Patton alerted it to the Sahagan case (Dkt. No. 35, filed March 17, 2009), even including with the opposition a copy of the Sahagan settlement agreement that listed the affiliated entities of the debtor. At a minimum, this should have put Tighe Patton on notice that it needed to take a closer look at its prior representations. It was not until after the creditors objected in December 2009 to its fees, however, that Tighe Patton did this. This is not a model of diligence.
Fourth, I do find that the Tighe Patton provided considerable benefits to the estate. The firm navigated through a hotly-costed case and, for the most part, did so economically. The quality of its work was first-rate and it worked diligently towards seeing the case to completion. Except for its ill-advised discovery disputes with the creditors, it ably administered the case.
Finally, I find based on Rosenberg's testimony that the failure to disclose was inadvertent. The creditors contend that Tighe Patton's failure to disclose its prior and ongoing representations was driven by its desire to move the debtor quickly through bankruptcy and then continue its long-standing relationship with the debtor. I impute no such motives to the firm. Rather, I find that the failure is more a result of the confluence of a poor conflicts check system and poor intra-firm communications that amount to gross negligence.
With respect to the conflicts check system, only two plausible explanations exist for its failure to flag the firm's prior and ongoing representations, none of which reflect favorably on Tighe Patton. First, Rosenberg could have failed to run all the entities through the system. He, however, testified that this was not the case. Alternatively, the attorneys who represented the affiliated entities could have failed to enter their names in the system. Regardless of the explanation, someone at the firm dropped the ball.
What I find the most troubling, however, is that the previous representations were not revealed through Rosenberg's direct communications with Thomas Patton. Rosenberg testified that he asked Thomas Patton about any prior or ongoing representation of the debtor or its affiliates. At no time in the course of those discussions did the cases disclosed in Tighe Patton's supplemental disclosure come up. With respect to cases that had concluded years before, this is understandable (and more the reason every firm needs adequate conflicts databases and procedures in place that ensure all represented entities are included). With respect to the ongoing Draim matter or cases that had terminated more recently, however, how Thomas Patton could have overlooked them remains unexplained.
It is inexcusable that Thomas Patton did not show up for the hearing on Tighe Patton's fee application. The creditors' objections focused heavily on the firm's failure to disclose these prior and ongoing representations, so Tighe Patton knew it would be a central issue. Had Patton appeared and testified to the effect that he had merely overlooked the affiliated entities because he always thought of Ellipso as the client, he could have allayed many of the court's concerns. Instead, and in the face of the creditors' very clear objections, Tighe Patton opted not to have him present testimony. The only inference to be drawn from this is negative and leads me to find that there was extreme gross negligence by Patton in his responding to Rosenberg's inquiries. This results in greater disallowance than I would have otherwise provided
In light of the foregoing, I will disallow an additional 40% of Tighe Patton's fees.
D
The objecting creditors last contend that the hourly rates charged by Tighe Patton for its work on behalf of the debtor in possession were unreasonable. The lion's share of the fees were charged by Kermit Rosenberg and Neal Goldfarb. Rosenberg, a member of the firm, bills at an hourly rate of $450. He has been a member of the bar since 1975 and has actively practiced before this court for as many years. Goldfarb, senior counsel at Tighe Patton, bills at an hourly rate of $300. He has been a practicing attorney since 1980. At the hearing on Tighe Patton's applications, Rosenberg testified that the rates charged by the firm were within the range of attorneys with similar experience in the District of Columbia and were well below the $465 per hour rate published by the United States Attorney's Office for the District of Columbia Laffey matrix. The objecting creditors presented no evidence in contravention.
I find the rates charged by Tighe Patton reasonable and consistent with those charged by attorneys practicing before this court in similar cases. This was a complicated case, requiring debtor in possession counsel with sufficient expertise to navigate the myriad difficult issues that arose. The hourly rates charged by Tighe Patton were well within the range of that which the court has come to expect of attorneys competent to undertake such representation. Accordingly, I will overrule the creditors' objection in this respect.
III
For the foregoing reasons I will disallow $64,741.60 of the attorneys' fees Tighe Patton seeks in its initial application ($8,760 + (($148,689.00 — $8,760) * 40%)), and $7,098 of the attorneys' fees it seeks in its second and final application ($17,745 * 40%), for a total disallowance of $71,839.6. The firm shall be entitled to all of the out-of-pocket expenses it seeks in its applications.
A separate order follows.