Opinion
02-26-2015
Marita E. HYMAN, Appellant, v. Susan BURGESS, Respondent.
Marita E. Hyman, West Edmeston, appellant pro se. Susan Burgess, Hamilton, Ohio, respondent pro se.
Marita E. Hyman, West Edmeston, appellant pro se.
Susan Burgess, Hamilton, Ohio, respondent pro se.
Before: LAHTINEN, J.P., GARRY, ROSE and DEVINE, JJ.
Opinion
DEVINE, J. Appeals (1) from an order of the Supreme Court (Cerio Jr., J.), entered May 2, 2013 in Madison County, which, among other things, denied plaintiff's motion to dismiss defendant's counterclaims, and (2) from an order of said court, entered September 30, 2013 in Madison County, which, among other things, granted defendant's cross motion to dismiss plaintiff's amended complaint.
Plaintiff retained defendant, a licensed attorney, to represent her in various legal matters, including perfecting appeals in a CPLR article 78 proceeding and an action pursuant to Title IX (see 20 USC § 1681 et seq. ) that had been commenced against Cornell University by plaintiff's previous attorneys. Having grown discontent with defendant's services, plaintiff terminated defendant and subsequently commenced this action for negligent infliction of emotional distress and legal malpractice. Defendant served an answer containing counterclaims of breach of contract, quantum meruit and unjust enrichment. Thereafter, plaintiff moved to dismiss the counterclaims, which motion Supreme Court denied. Four months later, the court granted defendant's cross motion to dismiss plaintiff's amended complaint. Plaintiff appeals from both orders.
This Court decided an appeal in a similar action that plaintiff had commenced against her former attorneys in the CPLR article 78 proceeding and federal Title IX action (Hyman v. Schwartz, 114 A.D.3d 1110, 981 N.Y.S.2d 468 [2014], lv. dismissed 24 N.Y.3d 930, 993 N.Y.S.2d 541, 17 N.E.3d 1137 [2014] ).
Plaintiff first asserts that Supreme Court erred in denying her motion to dismiss defendant's counterclaims. A motion to dismiss for failure to state a cause of action can be granted only where the facts alleged do not “fit within any cognizable legal theory” (Leon v. Martinez, 84 N.Y.2d 83, 87–88, 614 N.Y.S.2d 972, 638 N.E.2d 511 [1994] ; see Lewis v. DiMaggio, 115 A.D.3d 1042, 1043, 981 N.Y.S.2d 844 [2014] ; Brooks v. Key Trust Co. N.A., 26 A.D.3d 628, 629–630, 809 N.Y.S.2d 270 [2006], lv. dismissed 6 N.Y.3d 891, 817 N.Y.S.2d 625, 850 N.E.2d 672 [2006] ). As to defendant's breach of contract counterclaim, she alleged that the parties executed enforceable retainer agreements, defendant performed professional services under those agreements and plaintiff failed to perform, thereby causing defendant to sustain damages. Affording defendant's counterclaims a liberal construction, accepting the allegations as true and giving defendant “the benefit of every possible inference,” we determine that she has stated a viable cause of action against plaintiff for breach of contract (EBC I, Inc. v. Goldman, Sachs & Co., 5 N.Y.3d 11, 19, 799 N.Y.S.2d 170, 832 N.E.2d 26 [2005] ; see Goshen v. Mutual Life Ins. Co. of N.Y., 98 N.Y.2d 314, 326, 746 N.Y.S.2d 858, 774 N.E.2d 1190 [2002] ; Torok v. Moore's Flatwork & Founds., LLC, 106 A.D.3d 1421, 1422, 966 N.Y.S.2d 572 [2013] ). However, with regard to defendant's counterclaim that plaintiff was unjustly enriched by her refusal to remit necessary payments for the legal services and related expenses that defendant provided, the assertions raised in defendant's breach of contract counterclaim echo this equitable claim and, therefore, it must be dismissed (see Corsello v. Verizon N.Y., Inc., 18 N.Y.3d 777, 790–791, 944 N.Y.S.2d 732, 967 N.E.2d 1177 [2012] ; Samiento v. World Yacht Inc., 10 N.Y.3d 70, 81, 854 N.Y.S.2d 83, 883 N.E.2d 990 [2008] ).
To the extent that plaintiff demanded the dismissal of defendant's counterclaims pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(1), we find that, because the record does not contain documentary evidence that “utterly refutes” defendant's allegations, Supreme Court properly denied plaintiff's motion on this particular ground (Mason v. First Cent. Natl. Life Ins. Co. of N.Y., 86 A.D.3d 854, 855, 927 N.Y.S.2d 694 [2011] ; see Goshen v. Mutual Life Ins. Co. of N.Y., 98 N.Y.2d 314, 326, 746 N.Y.S.2d 858, 774 N.E.2d 1190 [2002] ).
Defendant's counterclaim of quantum meruit “requires a showing of ‘a [party]'s performance of services in good faith, acceptance of those services by [the other party], an expectation of compensation and proof of the reasonable value of the services provided’ ” (Rafferty Sand & Gravel, LLC v. Kalvaitis, 116 A.D.3d 1290, 1291–1292, 984 N.Y.S.2d 462 [2014], quoting DerOhannesian v. City of Albany, 110 A.D.3d 1288, 1292, 975 N.Y.S.2d 188 [2013], lv. denied 22 N.Y.3d 862, 2014 WL 642724 [2014] ). Accepting defendant's allegations as true, namely that she provided plaintiff with legal services, in good faith and with the understanding that payment would be remitted, and that such services were accepted by plaintiff without the provision of due compensation, we find that defendant stated a cognizable equitable claim for quantum meruit (see Rafferty Sand & Gravel, LLC v. Kalvaitis, 116 A.D.3d at 1291–1292, 984 N.Y.S.2d 462 ; Venture Silicones, Inc. v. General Elec. Co., 14 A.D.3d 924, 925, 788 N.Y.S.2d 479 [2005] ).
Turning our attention to defendant's cross motion seeking dismissal of the amended complaint, we conclude that Supreme Court properly dismissed plaintiff's legal malpractice cause of action on the merits. “ ‘In order to sustain a claim for legal malpractice, a plaintiff must establish both that the defendant attorney failed to exercise the ordinary reasonable skill and knowledge commonly possessed by a member of the legal profession which results in actual damages to a plaintiff, and that the plaintiff would have succeeded on the merits of the underlying action “ ‘but for’ ” the attorney's negligence' ” (Leder v. Spiegel, 9 N.Y.3d 836, 837, 840 N.Y.S.2d 888, 872 N.E.2d 1194 [2007]cert. denied sub nom. Spiegel v. Rowland, 552 U.S. 1257, 128 S.Ct. 1696, 170 L.Ed.2d 354 [2008], quoting AmBase Corp. v. Davis Polk & Wardwell, 8 N.Y.3d 428, 434, 834 N.Y.S.2d 705, 866 N.E.2d 1033 [2007] ; accord Hyman v. Schwartz, 114 A.D.3d at 1112, 981 N.Y.S.2d 468 ; see Kaufman v. Medical Liab. Mut. Ins. Co., 121 A.D.3d 1459, 1460, 995 N.Y.S.2d 807 [2014] ). Although plaintiff maintains that defendant's professional competence was deficient and failed to conform with the requirements of the parties' retainer agreements, she does not allege, to any degree, that defendant's purported shortcomings precluded her success in the litigation at issue or caused her to sustain ascertainable damages (see Arnold v. Devane, 123 A.D.3d 1202, 1204, 998 N.Y.S.2d 509 [2014] ; MacDonald v. Guttman, 72 A.D.3d 1452, 1455, 900 N.Y.S.2d 177 [2010] ; Tabner v. Drake, 9 A.D.3d 606, 610, 780 N.Y.S.2d 85 [2004] ). Having failed to plead an essential element of a legal malpractice cause of action, Supreme Court properly granted defendant's motion to dismiss this claim (see Hyman v. Schwartz, 114 A.D.3d at 1112, 981 N.Y.S.2d 468 ; compare Snyder v. Brown Chiari, LLP, 116 A.D.3d 1116, 1116–1117, 983 N.Y.S.2d 659 [2014] ; Alaimo v. McGeorge, 69 A.D.3d 1032, 1034, 893 N.Y.S.2d 331 [2010] ). Likewise, the court's dismissal of plaintiff's claims sounding in, among other things, unjust enrichment, breach of contract and breach of fiduciary duty—all of which were encapsulated within and entirely duplicative of plaintiff's legal malpractice cause of action—was correct (see Adamski v. Lama, 56 A.D.3d 1071, 1072–1073, 869 N.Y.S.2d 256 [2008] ; Guiles v. Simser, 35 A.D.3d 1054, 1055, 826 N.Y.S.2d 484 [2006] ). Those remaining arguments that have not been expressly discussed herein have been considered and found to be without merit.
ORDERED that the order entered May 2, 2013 is modified, on the law, without costs, by reversing so much thereof as denied plaintiff's motion to dismiss defendant's unjust enrichment counterclaim; motion granted to that extent and said counterclaim dismissed; and, as so modified, affirmed.
ORDERED that the order entered September 30, 2013 is affirmed, without costs.
LAHTINEN, J.P., GARRY and ROSE, JJ., concur.