Opinion
399 CA 22-01660
07-28-2023
Brian D. HENRY and Jillian Tomer, Plaintiffs-Respondents, v. BUFFALO MANAGEMENT GROUP, INC., Defendant-Appellant.
GANNON, ROSENFARB & DROSSMAN, NEW YORK CITY (LISA L. GOKHULSINGH OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. MARSH ZILLER LLP, BUFFALO (LINDA J. MARSH OF COUNSEL), FOR PLAINTIFFS-RESPONDENTS.
GANNON, ROSENFARB & DROSSMAN, NEW YORK CITY (LISA L. GOKHULSINGH OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
MARSH ZILLER LLP, BUFFALO (LINDA J. MARSH OF COUNSEL), FOR PLAINTIFFS-RESPONDENTS.
PRESENT: LINDLEY, J.P., MONTOUR, OGDEN, AND GREENWOOD, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously affirmed without costs.
Memorandum: Plaintiffs commenced this premises liability action arising from an incident wherein Brian D. Henry (plaintiff) fell from the second story of an apartment building owned by defendant. The incident occurred when plaintiff, while attempting to clean the exterior of a window, straddled the windowsill and held the bottom sash of the window with his right hand while using his left hand to clean the upper sash. The bottom sash detached and fell inward, causing plaintiff to lose his balance and fall. Defendant moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint on the grounds that there was no dangerous or defective condition and that plaintiff's own actions were the proximate cause of the accident. Supreme Court denied the motion, and defendant appeals. We affirm.
"[W]hether a dangerous or defective condition exists on the property of another so as to create liability depends on the peculiar facts and circumstances of each case and is generally a question of fact for the jury" ( Trincere v. County of Suffolk , 90 N.Y.2d 976, 977, 665 N.Y.S.2d 615, 688 N.E.2d 489 [1997] [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Morris v. Buffalo Gen. Health Sys. , 203 A.D.3d 1692, 1693, 162 N.Y.S.3d 820 [4th Dept. 2022] ; Jackson v. Rumpf , 177 A.D.3d 1354, 1355, 112 N.Y.S.3d 403 [4th Dept. 2019] ). Even assuming, arguendo, that defendant met its initial burden on its motion of establishing that there was no dangerous or defective condition, we conclude that plaintiffs raised a triable issue of fact in opposition with respect to that issue (see generally Alvarez v. Prospect Hosp. , 68 N.Y.2d 320, 324, 508 N.Y.S.2d 923, 501 N.E.2d 572 [1986] ; Breau v. Burdick , 166 A.D.3d 1545, 1548, 87 N.Y.S.3d 786 [4th Dept. 2018] ; Smith v. Szpilewski , 139 A.D.3d 1342, 1342, 32 N.Y.S.3d 393 [4th Dept. 2016] ).
Defendant failed to meet its initial burden on its motion with respect to the issue of proximate cause. "Questions concerning foreseeability and proximate cause are generally questions for the jury" ( Paul v. Cooper , 45 A.D.3d 1485, 1487, 845 N.Y.S.2d 905 [4th Dept. 2007] [internal quotation marks omitted]) and, here, defendant's own submissions, including plaintiff's deposition testimony indicating that an alleged defect in the bottom sash of the window caused his fall, raised issues of fact regarding proximate cause (see generally Muraco v. Fasbach , 14 A.D.2d 898, 898, 221 N.Y.S.2d 290 [2d Dept. 1961], affd 11 N.Y.2d 858, 227 N.Y.S.2d 678, 182 N.E.2d 285 [1962] ). Denial of the motion with respect to that issue was therefore required "regardless of the sufficiency of the opposing papers" ( Paul , 45 A.D.3d at 1486, 845 N.Y.S.2d 905 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see generally Alvarez , 68 N.Y.2d at 324, 508 N.Y.S.2d 923, 501 N.E.2d 572 ; Winegrad v. New York Univ. Med. Ctr. , 64 N.Y.2d 851, 853, 487 N.Y.S.2d 316, 476 N.E.2d 642 [1985] ).
Finally, to the extent that defendant contends that it is entitled to summary judgment because it neither created nor had actual or constructive notice of the allegedly dangerous condition, that contention is raised for the first time on appeal and is thus not preserved for our review (see O'Hara v. City of Buffalo , 211 A.D.3d 1509, 1511, 178 N.Y.S.3d 716 [4th Dept. 2022] ; Rapini v. New Plan Excel Realty Trust, Inc. , 11 A.D.3d 890, 890, 782 N.Y.S.2d 324 [4th Dept. 2004] ; see also Docteur v. Belleville-Henderson Cent. School Dist. [appeal No. 2], 307 A.D.2d 751, 751-752, 762 N.Y.S.2d 853 [4th Dept. 2003] ).