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Heflin v. Kentucky State Racing Com'n

United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit
Mar 11, 1983
701 F.2d 599 (6th Cir. 1983)

Summary

In Heflin, the decision by a Kentucky racetrack to deny stall privileges was characterized as a private one on the basis that under Kentucky's regulatory scheme stalling is a matter left to the discretion of track management.

Summary of this case from Roberts v. Louisiana Downs, Inc.

Opinion

No. 82-5062.

Argued January 26, 1983.

Decided March 11, 1983.

Thomas L. Hogan, Louisville, Ky., for plaintiffs-appellants.

M. Stephen Pitt, Wyatt, Tarrant Combs, Louisville, Ky., Steven L. Beshear, Atty. Gen. of Ky., Christopher W. Johnson, Asst. Atty. Gen., Frankfort, Ky., for defendants-appellees.

Appeal from the United States District Court for the Western District of Kentucky.

Before ENGEL and KRUPANSKY, Circuit Judges, and CELEBREZZE, Senior Circuit Judge.


Plaintiff Douglas R. Heflin, owner and trainer of thoroughbred racing horses, and plaintiff Lee Covington, a trainer of racing horses, appeal from a judgment of the district court granting the defendants' motion to dismiss for failure to state a claim under 42 U.S.C. § 1983. Plaintiffs applied for stall space in which to quarter their horses during the 1981 fall meet at Churchill Downs, and they allege that rejection of their application was arbitrary, and constituted denial of their right to due process under the Fourteenth Amendment. Plaintiffs' complaint named as defendants the Kentucky State Racing Commission, its chairman, vice-chairman, and other members, Churchill Downs, Inc., Howard Battle, the racing secretary of Churchill Downs, and defendants Dangerfield, Goode, and Middleton, racing stewards at Churchill Downs during the racing meet in question. In a carefully written opinion, United States District Judge Thomas A. Ballantine, Jr. ruled that the complaint failed to state a claim for which relief could be granted under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 because of the failure of the plaintiffs to articulate any property interest in the stall space cognizable under the due process clause of the Fourteenth Amendment. Rodic v. Thistledown Racing Club., Inc., 615 F.2d 736 (6th Cir.), cert. denied, 449 U.S. 996, 101 S.Ct. 535, 66 L.Ed.2d 294 (1980).

We agree that while plaintiffs' complaint sets forth several Kentucky statutes and regulations under which defendant Churchill Downs, Inc. is operated, these laws and regulations create no property interest in stall space at Churchill Downs. As Judge Ballantine noted, the Constitution does not create property interests. Rather, it extends various procedural safeguards to certain interests "that stem from an independent source such as state law." Board of Regents v. Roth, 408 U.S. 564, 577, 92 S.Ct. 2701, 2709, 33 L.Ed.2d 548 (1972).

Having found no protectable property interest in the stalls, the trial court did not address the question of whether Churchill Downs was acting under color of law. Defendants have raised this issue as an alternative basis for affirmance here. While the allegations in the complaint reveal that horse racing is a highly regulated business under Kentucky law, it is undisputed that Churchill Downs — in whose management is vested the responsibility for assigning stall space — is a privately owned and operated corporation. Under the circumstances set forth in the complaint, the court finds the facts here indistinguishable from those in Jackson v. Metropolitan Edison Co., 419 U.S. 345, 95 S.Ct. 449, 42 L.Ed.2d 477 (1974). The fact that state regulation may be pervasive does not alone transform a private corporation's actions into state action under Section 1983. Jackson, 419 U.S. at 350, 95 S.Ct. at 453. Plaintiffs do not claim that they are in any way prohibited from racing their horses at Churchill Downs. Their complaint is directed solely to alleged unfairness in the allocation of the limited number of stalls which are available for rent. This matter is within the discretion of this private corporation. Plaintiffs have failed to demonstrate a "sufficiency close nexus" between the state and the challenged action of this regulated entity such that the action of Churchill Downs "may be fairly treated as that of the state itself." Id. at 351, 95 S.Ct. at 453.

AFFIRMED.


Summaries of

Heflin v. Kentucky State Racing Com'n

United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit
Mar 11, 1983
701 F.2d 599 (6th Cir. 1983)

In Heflin, the decision by a Kentucky racetrack to deny stall privileges was characterized as a private one on the basis that under Kentucky's regulatory scheme stalling is a matter left to the discretion of track management.

Summary of this case from Roberts v. Louisiana Downs, Inc.

In Heflin v. Kentucky State Racing Comm'n, 701 F.2d 599 (6th Cir. 1983), the Sixth Circuit determined that CDI was not a state actor when it denied stall space to a horse trainer.

Summary of this case from Baffert v. Churchill Downs, Inc.
Case details for

Heflin v. Kentucky State Racing Com'n

Case Details

Full title:DOUGLAS R. HEFLIN AND LEE COVINGTON, PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS, v. KENTUCKY…

Court:United States Court of Appeals, Sixth Circuit

Date published: Mar 11, 1983

Citations

701 F.2d 599 (6th Cir. 1983)

Citing Cases

Baffert v. Churchill Downs, Inc.

See Miller, 982 F.3d at 424. In Heflin v. Kentucky State Racing Comm'n, 701 F.2d 599 (6th Cir. 1983),…

Roberts v. Louisiana Downs, Inc.

The official conduct involved in that case was confirming that Racing Commission rules had been violated, but…