Opinion
258 CA 21-00943
07-01-2022
Roy HARRIGER, Claimant-Respondent, v. STATE of New York, Defendant-Appellant. (Claim No. 126681.)
LETITIA JAMES, ATTORNEY GENERAL, ALBANY (KATHLEEN M. TREASURE OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT. SIVIN, MILLER & ROCHE LLP, NEW YORK CITY (EDWARD SIVIN OF COUNSEL), FOR CLAIMANT-RESPONDENT.
LETITIA JAMES, ATTORNEY GENERAL, ALBANY (KATHLEEN M. TREASURE OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-APPELLANT.
SIVIN, MILLER & ROCHE LLP, NEW YORK CITY (EDWARD SIVIN OF COUNSEL), FOR CLAIMANT-RESPONDENT.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., CENTRA, PERADOTTO, LINDLEY, AND WINSLOW, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
It is hereby ORDERED that the judgment so appealed from is unanimously affirmed without costs.
Memorandum: On appeal from a judgment in favor of claimant on his claims for assault and unwarranted use of excessive force, defendant contends that it cannot be held liable under the doctrine of respondeat superior for the acts of the unidentified correction officer who assaulted claimant because the correction officer acted outside the scope of his employment. Defendant correctly concedes that its contention is not preserved for our review because defendant did not raise it in the Court of Claims (see Ciesinski v. Town of Aurora , 202 A.D.2d 984, 985, 609 N.Y.S.2d 745 [4th Dept. 1994] ). Defendant argues, however, that in light of claimant's testimony that he was the victim of an unprovoked assault, the issue whether the correction officer acted outside the scope of his employment falls squarely within the exception to the preservation rule because it involves a question of law appearing on the face of the record that could not have been avoided by the opposing party if brought to that party's attention in a timely manner (see Oram v. Capone , 206 A.D.2d 839, 840, 615 N.Y.S.2d 799 [4th Dept. 1994] ). Even assuming, arguendo, that defendant did not waive that contention by expressly declining to argue that any correction officer was acting outside the scope of his or her employment (see generally Matter of Antoinette C. v. County of Erie , 202 A.D.3d 1464, 1467-1468, 163 N.Y.S.3d 346 [4th Dept. 2022] ), we reject it. An issue may not be raised for the first time on appeal where "it could have been obviated or cured by factual showings or legal countersteps in the trial court" ( Solvay Bank v. Feher Rubbish Removal, Inc. , 187 A.D.3d 1596, 1596, 129 N.Y.S.3d 887 [4th Dept. 2020] [internal quotation marks omitted]). "Whether an employee acted within the scope of employment is a fact-based inquiry" ( Rivera v. State of New York , 34 N.Y.3d 383, 390, 119 N.Y.S.3d 749, 142 N.E.3d 641 [2019] ). Contrary to defendant's contention, although the court credited claimant's testimony that an assault took place, it explicitly refrained from making a determination as to the reason behind the assault of claimant. As the Court of Appeals has stated, "correction officers at times use excessive force. Such conduct will not fall outside the scope of employment merely because it violates department rules or policies or crosses the line of sanctioned conduct" ( id. at 391, 119 N.Y.S.3d 749, 142 N.E.3d 641 ). Because defendant's contention "could have been obviated or cured by factual showings or legal countersteps in the trial court" ( Oram , 206 A.D.2d at 840, 615 N.Y.S.2d 799 [internal quotation marks omitted]), preservation of the contention was required. We have considered defendant's alternative argument regarding preservation and conclude that it is without merit.