Opinion
05-05-2017
In the Matter of Jason GREELEY, Petitioner–Appellant, v. Gretchen TUCKER and Kara Greeley, Respondents–Respondents.
Heather A. Tomes, Delevan, for Petitioner–Appellant. Fern S. Adelstein, Olean, for Respondent–Respondent Kara Greeley. Jennifer M. Lorenz, Attorney for the Children, Lancaster.
Heather A. Tomes, Delevan, for Petitioner–Appellant.
Fern S. Adelstein, Olean, for Respondent–Respondent Kara Greeley.
Jennifer M. Lorenz, Attorney for the Children, Lancaster.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., CARNI, DeJOSEPH, NEMOYER, AND TROUTMAN, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:
On appeal from an order that, inter alia, granted custody of the subject children to respondent maternal grandmother (grandmother), father contends that the grandmother failed to establish the requisite extraordinary circumstances. We reject that contention.
It is well settled that, "as between a parent and nonparent, the parent has a superior right to custody that cannot be denied unless the nonparent establishes that the parent has relinquished that right because of surrender, abandonment, persisting neglect, unfitness or other like extraordinary circumstances" (Matter of Stent v. Schwartz, 133 A.D.3d 1302, 1303, 20 N.Y.S.3d 784, lv. denied 27 N.Y.3d 902, 2016 WL 1203428 [internal quotation marks omitted]; see Matter of Bennett v. Jeffreys, 40 N.Y.2d 543, 544, 387 N.Y.S.2d 821, 356 N.E.2d 277 ). The evidence at the hearing established that, since the father and respondent mother separated in 2007, the father never had primary physical placement of the children and did not file a petition for custody for another seven years. Twice since then, when the mother was unable to have primary physical placement of the children, the father consented to award the grandmother custody of the children. During that time, he played a minimal role in the children's lives and made no contact with them for as long as 1 ½ years at a time. The grandmother, by contrast, has provided them with a stable home, where they reside with their mother, half brother, and uncle. According deference to Family Court's factual findings and credibility determinations (see Matter of Mildred PP. v. Samantha QQ., 110 A.D.3d 1160, 1161–1162, 973 N.Y.S.2d 418 ), we conclude that the court properly found extraordinary circumstances inasmuch as the father failed to maintain substantial, repeated and continuous contact with the children (see Matter of Carpenter v. Puglese, 94 A.D.3d 1367, 1368–1369, 943 N.Y.S.2d 252 ; see also Matter of Laura M. v. Nicole N., 143 A.D.3d 722, 723, 38 N.Y.S.3d 597 ).
Although the father correctly contends that the court made no determination with respect to the best interests of the children, we conclude that reversal is not required on that ground. The record is sufficient for this Court to make such a determination, and we do so in the interest of judicial economy and the children's well-being (see Matter of Cole v. Nofri, 107 A.D.3d 1510, 1512, 967 N.Y.S.2d 552, appeal dismissed and lv. denied 22 N.Y.3d 1083, 981 N.Y.S.2d 666, 4 N.E.3d 967 ; Matter of Howell v. Lovell, 103 A.D.3d 1229, 1231, 960 N.Y.S.2d 278 ). Upon our review of the relevant factors (see Fox v. Fox, 177 A.D.2d 209, 210, 582 N.Y.S.2d 863 ), we conclude that it is in the children's best interests to award the grandmother primary physical custody. Although the custodial arrangement has been unstable throughout the children's lives, the grandmother has continuously provided them with a stable home whenever needed. The grandmother's country home was recently renovated and the children have their own bedrooms, whereas the father over the years has resided with a series of paramours and has acknowledged that he does not have a plan if his current living situation changes. While living with the grandmother, the children have developed a close relationship with their half brother who also lives there. The grandmother has facilitated the children's schooling and extracurricular activities, whereas the father did not know the names of their teachers or pediatrician. Moreover, the grandmother is financially stable, owns her own home, and is employed full time as a registered nurse.
The father failed to preserve for our review his further contention that the Attorney for the Children failed to advocate for the children's position concerning custody or to request a Lincoln hearing, and thus provided ineffective assistance of counsel (see Matter of Lopez v. Lugo, 115 A.D.3d 1237, 1237–1238, 982 N.Y.S.2d 640 ). The father also failed to preserve for our review his contention that the court should have held a Lincoln hearing inasmuch as he did not request one (see Matter of Thillman v. Mayer, 85 A.D.3d 1624, 1625, 926 N.Y.S.2d 779 ).
It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously affirmed without costs.