Opinion
No. 1:17-cv-01369-DAD-HBK
05-13-2021
JEREMY MICHAEL GARDNER, Plaintiff, v. P. BOLES, Custodial Officer at Stanislaus County Mens Jail, Defendant.
FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS TO DISMISS CASE WITHOUT PREJUDICE OBJECTIONS DUE IN FOURTEEN DAYS
This matter was referred to the undersigned pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1)(B) and Local Rule 302 (E.D. Ca. 2019).
Due to the age of this case and because plaintiff is no longer incarcerated, he is subject to a 14-day objection period pursuant to Local Rule 304(b). (E.D. Ca. 2019).
This matter comes before the court upon periodic review of the file. As more fully set forth below, the undersigned recommends the court dismiss this case without prejudice due to plaintiff's failure to update his address of record and prosecute this case.
I. FACTS AND BACKGROUND
Plaintiff Jeremy Michael Gardner is a former state prisoner proceeding pro se and in forma pauperis on his civil rights complaint filed under 42 U.S.C. § 1983 on October 12, 2017. (Doc. Nos. 1, 13). This matter was reassigned to the undersigned on November 17, 2020. (Doc. No. 42). On February 4, 2021, the court denied plaintiff's then pending motion to compel as moot. (Doc. No. 43). A copy of that order sent to plaintiff was returned as "Undeliverable, Not in Custody" on February 22, 2021. (See docket). On April 7, 2021, the court set this matter for a status conference to be held on May 7, 2021, and further directed the parties to contact the court to receive the video conference link. (Doc. No. 44). Plaintiff failed to contact the court to obtain the video conference link and the court consequently vacated the conference. (Doc. No. 45). On May 12, 2021, the April 7, 2021 order was returned as undeliverable. (See docket). Plaintiff's notice of change of address was due by May 3, 2021. E.D. Cal. Loc. R. 183(b) (2019). Plaintiff has not updated his address as of the date of these findings and recommendations.
II. APPLICABLE LAW
This court's Local Rules require litigants to keep the court apprised of their current address, specifically providing:
"[a] party appearing in propria persona shall keep the Court and opposing parties advised as to his or her current address. If mail directed to a plaintiff in propria persona by the Clerk is returned by the U.S. Postal Service, and if such plaintiff fails to notify the Court and opposing parties within sixty-three (63) days thereafter of a current address, the Court may dismiss the action without prejudice for failure to prosecute."
E.D. Cal. Loc. R. 183(b) (2019). Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 41(b) permits the court to involuntarily dismiss an action when a litigant fails to prosecute an action or fails to comply with other Rules or with a court order. See Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b); see Applied Underwriters v. Lichtenegger, 913 F.3d 884, 889 (9th Cir. 2019) (citations omitted); Hells Canyon Pres. Council v. U.S. Forest Serv., 403 F.3d 683, 689 (9th Cir. 2005) ("[T]he consensus among our sister circuits, with which we agree, is that courts may dismiss under Rule 41(b) sua sponte, at least under certain circumstances."). Local Rule 110 similarly permits the court to impose sanctions on a party who fails to comply with the court's Rules or any order of court. Precedent supports a dismissal of a case when a litigant fails to keep the court appraised on his address. Carey v. King, 856 F.2d 1439 (9th Cir. 1988) (affirming lower court and finding no abuse of discretion when district court dismissed case without prejudice after pro se plaintiff did not comply with local rule requiring pro se plaintiffs keep court apprised of addresses at all times); Hanley v. Opinski, Case No. 1:16-cv-391-DAD-SAB, 2018 WL 3388510 (E.D. Ca. July 10, 2018) (dismissing action for failure to prosecute and failure to provide court with current address).
Before dismissing an action under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41, the court must consider: (1) the public interest in expeditious resolution of litigation; (2) the court's need to manage a docket; (3) the risk of prejudice to defendant; (4) public policy favoring disposition on the merits; (5) the availability of less drastic sanctions. See Applied Underwriters, 913 F.3d at 889 (noting that these five factors "must" be analyzed before a Rule 41 involuntary dismissal) (emphasis added); Malone v. U.S. Postal Service, 833 F.2d 128, 130 (9th Cir. 1987) (reviewing five factors and independently reviewing the record because district court did not make finding as to each factor); but see Bautista v. Los Angeles County, 216 F.3d 837, 841 (9th Cir. 2000) (listing the same five factors, but noting the court need not make explicit findings as to each) (emphasis added); Ferdik v. Bonzelet, 963 F.2d 1258, 1260 (9th Cir. 1992) (affirming dismissal of pro se 1983 action when plaintiff did not amend caption to remove "et al" as the court directed and reiterating that an explicit finding of each factor is not required by the district court).
III. ANALYSIS
The undersigned considers each of the above-stated factors and concludes dismissal is warranted in this case. The expeditious resolution of litigation is deemed to be in the public interest, satisfying the first factor. Yourish v. California Amplifier, 191 F.3d 983, 990-91 (9th Cir. 1999). Turning to the second factor, the court's need to efficiently manage its docket cannot be overstated. This court has "one of the heaviest caseloads in the nation," and due to unfilled judicial vacancies, which is further exacerbated by the Covid-19 pandemic, operates under a declared judicial emergency. See Amended Standing Order in Light of Ongoing Judicial Emergency in the Eastern District of California. The court's time is better spent on its other matters than needlessly consumed managing a case with a recalcitrant litigant. Indeed, "trial courts do not have time to waste on multiple failures by aspiring litigants to follow the rules and requirements of our courts." Pagtalunan v. Galaza, 291 F.3d at 644 (Trott, J., concurring in affirmance of district court's involuntary dismissal with prejudice of habeas petition where petitioner failed to timely respond to court order and noting "the weight of the docket-managing factor depends upon the size and load of the docket, and those in the best position to know what that is are our beleaguered trial judges."). Delays inevitably have the inherent risk that evidence will become stale or witnesses' memories will fade or be unavailable and can prejudice a defendant, thereby satisfying the third factor. See Sibron v. New York, 392 U.S. 40, 57 (1968). Finally, a less drastic remedies in lieu of dismissal, such as directing plaintiff to submit an updated address or an order to show cause why the case should not be dismissed for failure to comply with Local Rules, would be an act of futility because the order would be returned without delivery. Additionally, the instant dismissal is a dismissal without prejudice, which is a lesser sanction than a dismissal with prejudice, thereby addressing the fifth factor.
Plaintiff failed to keep the court appraised of his address as required by Local Rule 182(f) and 183(b). This case cannot languish indefinitely, and the procedural rules are to be construed to ensure a "speedy . . . determination of every action." Fed. R. Civ. P. 1. After considering the factors set forth supra and binding case law, the undersigned recommends dismissal, without prejudice, under Fed. R. Civ. P. 41(b) and Local Rule 183(b).
Accordingly, it is RECOMMENDED:
This case be dismissed without prejudice.
NOTICE TO PARTIES
These findings and recommendations will be submitted to the United States district judge assigned to the case, pursuant to the provisions of Title 28 U.S.C. § 636(b)(1). Within fourteen (14) days after being served with these findings and recommendations, a party may file written objections with the Court. The document should be captioned "Objections to Magistrate Judge's Findings and Recommendations." Parties are advised that failure to file objections within the specified time may result in the waiver of rights on appeal. Wilkerson v. Wheeler, 772 F.3d 834, 838-39 (9th Cir. 2014) (citing Baxter v. Sullivan, 923 F.2d 1391, 1394 (9th Cir. 1991)). IT IS SO ORDERED. Dated: May 13, 2021
/s/_________
HELENA M. BARCH-KUCHTA
UNITED STATES MAGISTRATE JUDGE