Opinion
23-1085
11-06-2023
Marvin Marcelino Garcia-Zelaya Petitioner v. Merrick B. Garland, Attorney General of the United States of America Respondent
Unpublished
Submitted: October 30, 2023
Petition for Review of an Order of the Board of Immigration Appeals
Before ERICKSON, GRASZ, and KOBES, Circuit Judges.
PER CURIAM
Salvadoran citizen Marvin Marcelino Garcia-Zelaya petitions for review of a decision of the Board of Immigration Appeals upholding an immigration judge's denial of asylum and withholding of removal.
The denial of relief under the Convention Against Torture is not before this panel. See Chay-Velasquez v. Ashcroft, 367 F.3d 751,756 (8th Cir. 2004) (claim not raised in opening brief is waived).
Upon careful consideration of the petition and the record, we conclude that the agency did not err in determining Garcia-Zelaya failed to establish membership in a particular social group. See 8 U.S.C. §§ 1158(b)(1), 1231(b)(3)(A); Rosales-Reyes v. Garland, 7 F.4th 755, 759 (8th Cir. 2021) (standard of review). The proposed particular social group is not cognizable because it lacks social distinction and particularity, and Garcia-Zelaya has offered no argument or evidence that would compel a different result. See Pacheco-Mota v. Garland, No. 22-3651, 2023 WL 6857239, at *2 (8th Cir. Oct. 18, 2023) (witness to gang crime lacked social distinction); Uriostegui-Teran v. Garland, 72 F.4th 852, 855-56 (8th Cir. 2023) (rejecting "families of gang kidnapping and gang extortion victims" for lack of particularity; groups were not limited to immediate family and lacked well-defined boundaries); Miranda v. Sessions, 892 F.3d 940, 943 (8th Cir. 2018) (witness to gang murder was insufficient to show petitioner was part of a socially distinct group; group must be socially distinct within society in question); Constanza v. Holder, 647 F.3d 749, 753-54 (8th Cir. 2011) (petitioner's membership in "a family that experienced gang violence" lacked particularity); cf. United States v. Anwar, 880 F.3d 958, 971 (8th Cir. 2018) (one panel is bound by the decisions of earlier panels; only the court sitting en banc has the authority to overrule a prior panel opinion).
Because the failure to establish membership in a cognizable particular social group--or any other protected ground--was sufficient to render Garcia-Zelaya ineligible for asylum or withholding of removal, we decline to address his other arguments. See Uriostegui-Teran, 72 F.4th at 856.
The petition for review is denied. See 8th Cir. R. 47B.