Opinion
September 30, 1931.
December 11, 1931.
Negligence — Automobile — Street car — Collision — Street intersection Obstruction of view — Failure to stop — Contributory negligence.
In an action of trespass to recover for personal injuries sustained in a collision between plaintiff's automobile and defendant's street car at a street intersection, the plaintiff's evidence established that he was proceeding southwardly and that as he reached an intersecting street in the center of which was located a double line of trolley tracks, his vision to his right was obstructed by a parked truck, and four or five of the defendant's cars which were standing on the westbound track or the track nearest to him. He testified that he slowed down his machine, passed the end of the line of standing trolley cars and proceeded until the front of his car was on the east bound trolley tracks, at which time he looked to his right and saw the defendant's car approaching. His automobile was struck by the trolley before he could clear the track.
In such case the plaintiff was guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law and a judgment entered for him will be reversed.
The driver of a vehicle, when about to cross street car tracks, must in the first instance look, and when his view is obstructed so that he cannot see, it then becomes his duty to listen. If, when he looks and listens, he still is in doubt about the location and movement of the street car, it is his duty to stop, and in failing to do so he is guilty of contributory negligence as a matter of law.
Appeal No. 112, October T., 1931, by defendant from judgment of M.C., Philadelphia County, No. 1550, March T., 1930, in the case of John P. Gallagher v. Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company.
Before TREXLER, P.J., KELLER, LINN, GAWTHROP, CUNNINGHAM, BALDRIGE and DREW, JJ. Reversed.
Trespass to recover for personal injuries and for damages to an automobile. Before KNOWLES, J.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the Superior Court.
Verdict for plaintiff in the sum of $500 and judgment entered thereon. Defendant appealed.
Error assigned, among others, was refusal of defendant's motion for judgment non obstante veredicto.
Thomas B.K. Ringe, and with him Bernard J. O'Connell, for appellant.
Leo MacFarland, for appellee.
Argued September 30, 1931.
This is an action of trespass against the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company arising out of the following occurrence.
On December 28, 1929, about 6:30 P.M., plaintiff was driving his automobile south on Croskey Street intending to turn west into Snyder Avenue. Snyder Avenue has a double line of trolley tracks in its center with a roadway on each side of the street between the tracks and the curb. When plaintiff reached the avenue, he found a truck parked between the west bound trolley line and the near curb of Snyder Avenue, so, as he alleges, he could not turn west, there not being enough space to accommodate his car. There was a line of parked trolley cars, four or five on the west bound track, the track nearest to the plaintiff. The trolley cars so parked were lighted and the plaintiff's line of vision to his right was cut off. He slowed down his machine, passed the end of the line of standing trolley cars and proceeded until the front of his car was on the east bound trolley tracks, and looking to his right, saw a car a hundred feet away approaching at a speed at what he estimated was twenty miles an hour. He tried to get off the track, but his "car wouldn't pick up." The trolley car struck him and the injuries to his person and property resulted which are the subjects of this suit.
A verdict for the plaintiff was sustained by the lower court on the ground that the plaintiff did everything that was required of him under the circumstances, that the parked trolley cars interfered with his vision and he could not see until he was on the track and when he was on the track, the trolley car which was a hundred feet away should have stopped and thus avoided the accident.
It was settled in the case of Smathers v. Pittsburgh Butler Street Rwy. Co., 226 Pa. 212, in an opinion by Justice ELKIN that the rule of stop, look and listen does not apply in its entirety to street railway crossings, but that all that is required in the first instance is to look and when the view of the driver in approaching the track is obstructed so that he cannot see, then it becomes his duty to listen. It is an imperative duty to look immediately before going upon the tracks and failure to do so is negligence. When "his view is obstructed so that he cannot see, then it becomes his duty to listen" and "under some circumstances, it may be his duty to stop, as if when he looks and listens, he still is in doubt about the location and movement of the car." "If in any of these situations, he fails in the performance of the duty required, he is guilty of contributory negligence and cannot recover."
In Miller N. Broad St. Storage Co. v. P.R.T., 62 Pa. Super. 568, we held that the rule that one must look is entirely useless when the driver by his own act finds himself in such a position that when he looks the danger cannot be avoided.
In Smith v. Lehigh Valley Transit Co., 296 Pa. 212, Justice WALLING states that the "look is of no avail when he who looks must enter upon the track regardless of what he sees."
The object of the rules just above referred to was to enable the traveller to ascertain the position and movement of the electric cars that he may avoid entering upon the track in case of danger: Gottlieb v. Scranton Rwy. Co., 99 Pa. Super. 7. This plaintiff should not have subjected himself to an unknown hazard. Being deprived of the use of his sight for the particular purpose for which it was sorely needed at the time, his plain duty was to stop so that he could use his sense of hearing. If he had done so, the chances are that he would have heard the approaching car, but, be that as it may, he omitted a plain duty, when he continued to advance when he should have stopped and listened.
The judgment is reversed and is now entered in favor of the defendant.