Opinion
267 CA 20-00692
04-22-2022
Carmen J. FINOCCHI, Jr., and Kim Elaine Finocchi, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. LIVE NATION INC., and CPI Touring (Genesis-USA), LLC, Defendants-Respondents. (Appeal No. 1.)
CONNORS LLP, BUFFALO (LAWLOR F. QUINLAN, III, OF COUNSEL), FOR PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS. GOLDBERG SEGALLA LLP, BUFFALO, MAURO LILLING NAPARTY LLP, WOODBURY (ANTHONY F. DESTEFANO OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANTS-RESPONDENTS.
CONNORS LLP, BUFFALO (LAWLOR F. QUINLAN, III, OF COUNSEL), FOR PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS.
GOLDBERG SEGALLA LLP, BUFFALO, MAURO LILLING NAPARTY LLP, WOODBURY (ANTHONY F. DESTEFANO OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANTS-RESPONDENTS.
PRESENT: CENTRA, J.P., PERADOTTO, LINDLEY, NEMOYER, AND CURRAN, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
It is hereby ORDERED that the order and judgment so appealed from is unanimously reversed on the law without costs, the posttrial motion is granted, the verdict is set aside, the Labor Law § 240 (1) claim is reinstated, judgment on liability is granted to plaintiffs on that claim, and a new trial is granted on damages only.
Memorandum: Plaintiffs commenced this action seeking damages for injuries sustained by Carmen J. Finocchi, Jr. (plaintiff) when he was loading boxes of rigging equipment into a truck following a concert. After we determined on a prior appeal that there were triable issues of fact precluding summary judgment in defendants’ favor with respect to the Labor Law § 240 (1) claim ( Finocchi v. Live Nation Inc. , 141 A.D.3d 1092, 1094, 34 N.Y.S.3d 840 [4th Dept. 2016] ), the matter proceeded to a nonjury trial. Following that trial, Supreme Court dismissed the complaint on the ground that plaintiff's failure to use an appropriate safety device, i.e., a forklift, was the sole proximate cause of his injuries.
In appeal No. 1, plaintiffs appeal from the order and judgment dismissing their complaint. They contend that plaintiff's choice not to use a forklift cannot be deemed the sole proximate cause of his injuries, inasmuch as he did not forgo the available safety device "for no good reason" ( Gallagher v. New York Post , 14 N.Y.3d 83, 88, 896 N.Y.S.2d 732, 923 N.E.2d 1120 [2010] ). In appeal No. 2, plaintiffs appeal from the court's subsequent order that denied their motion to set aside the verdict pursuant to, inter alia, CPLR 4404 (b).
Initially, inasmuch as the appeal from the order and judgment in appeal No. 1 brings up for review the propriety of the order in appeal No. 2, we dismiss appeal No. 2 (see generally CPLR 5501 [a] [2] ; Benevolent & Protective Order of Elks of United States of Am. v. Creative Comfort Sys., Inc. , 192 A.D.3d 1608, 1608, 145 N.Y.S.3d 722 [4th Dept. 2021] ; Matter of State of New York v. Daniel J. , 180 A.D.3d 1347, 1348, 118 N.Y.S.3d 346 [4th Dept. 2020], lv denied 35 N.Y.3d 908, 2020 WL 3422539 [2020] ).
With respect to appeal No. 1, we agree with plaintiffs that the court erred in denying their posttrial motion inasmuch as the court's determination that plaintiff's choice to forgo using a forklift was the sole proximate cause of the accident could not be reached under any fair interpretation of the evidence (see generally Burke v. Women Gynecology & Childbirth Assoc., P.C. , 195 A.D.3d 1393, 1394, 150 N.Y.S.3d 420 [4th Dept. 2021] ; Trimarco v. Data Treasury Corp. , 146 A.D.3d 1008, 1009, 46 N.Y.S.3d 640 [2d Dept. 2017] ; Matter of City of Syracuse Indus. Dev. Agency [Alterm, Inc.] , 20 A.D.3d 168, 170, 796 N.Y.S.2d 503 [4th Dept. 2005] ).
"To establish a sole proximate cause defense, a defendant must demonstrate that the plaintiff had adequate safety devices available; that [the plaintiff] knew both that they were available and that he [or she] was expected to use them; that [the plaintiff] chose for no good reason not to do so; and that had [the plaintiff] not made that choice he [or she] would not have been injured" ( Schutt v. Bookhagen , 186 A.D.3d 1027, 1028, 130 N.Y.S.3d 153 [4th Dept. 2020], appeal dismissed 36 N.Y.3d 939, 135 N.Y.S.3d 670, 160 N.E.3d 328 [2020] [emphasis added and internal quotation marks omitted]; see Cahill v. Triborough Bridge & Tunnel Auth. , 4 N.Y.3d 35, 40, 790 N.Y.S.2d 74, 823 N.E.2d 439 [2004] ; see generally Blake v. Neighborhood Hous. Servs. of N.Y. City, Inc., 1 N.Y.3d 280, 290-292, 771 N.Y.S.2d 484, 803 N.E.2d 757 [2003] ).
Here, although defendants established that there was an available safety device, i.e., a forklift, and that plaintiff knew that it was available and that he was expected to use it, plaintiffs established that the stage manager instructed plaintiff and his coworkers to lift the box manually. Regardless of whether that stage manager was plaintiff's actual supervisor, plaintiff was under no obligation to demand safer methods for moving the box (see Greene v. Raynors Lane Prop. LLC , 194 A.D.3d 520, 522, 148 N.Y.S.3d 449 [1st Dept. 2021] ; Orellana v. 7 W. 34th St., LLC , 173 A.D.3d 886, 888, 103 N.Y.S.3d 496 [2d Dept. 2019] ; Gutierrez v. 451 Lexington Realty LLC , 156 A.D.3d 418, 419, 66 N.Y.S.3d 463 [1st Dept. 2017] ). To expect plaintiff to refuse the stage manager's demands "overlooks the realities of construction work" ( Gutierrez , 156 A.D.3d at 419, 66 N.Y.S.3d 463 ).
"When faced with an ... instruction to use an inadequate device [or no device at all], many workers would be understandably reticent to object for fear of jeopardizing their employment and their livelihoods" ( DeRose v. Bloomingdale's Inc. , 120 A.D.3d 41, 47, 986 N.Y.S.2d 127 [1st Dept. 2014] ). Even assuming, arguendo, that plaintiff should have refused the stage manager's demand, we conclude that, at most, plaintiff's "alleged conduct would amount only to comparative fault and ... [could not] bar recovery under the statute" ( Schutt , 186 A.D.3d at 1029, 130 N.Y.S.3d 153 [internal quotation marks omitted]).
We also reject defendants’ contention, raised as an alternative ground for affirmance, that plaintiff was not performing work covered under Labor Law § 240 (1) at the time he sustained his injuries. As plaintiffs correctly contend and the court properly determined, the work performed by plaintiff was covered work, inasmuch as it was ancillary to the demolition of a structure, i.e., the stage, and plaintiff was a member of the demolition team (see Hensel v. Aviator FSC, Inc. , 198 A.D.3d 884, 886, 156 N.Y.S.3d 98 [2d Dept. 2021] ; see also Ruiz v. 8600 Roll Rd., Inc. , 190 A.D.2d 1030, 1031, 594 N.Y.S.2d 474 [4th Dept. 1993] ; see generally Prats v. Port Auth. of N.Y. & N.J. , 100 N.Y.2d 878, 883, 768 N.Y.S.2d 178, 800 N.E.2d 351 [2003] ).
Inasmuch as this Court has the authority to review the record and grant judgment as we deem warranted by the facts (see Dryden Mut. Ins. Co. v. Goessl , 117 A.D.3d 1512, 1513, 985 N.Y.S.2d 782 [4th Dept. 2014], affd 27 N.Y.3d 1050, 34 N.Y.S.3d 406, 54 N.E.3d 78 [2016] ; Brooks v. New York State Thruway Auth. , 73 A.D.2d 767, 768, 423 N.Y.S.2d 543 [3d Dept. 1979], affd 51 N.Y.2d 892, 434 N.Y.S.2d 974, 415 N.E.2d 963 [1980] ; Rote v. Gibbs , 195 A.D.3d 1521, 1523-1524, 151 N.Y.S.3d 280 [4th Dept. 2021], appeal dismissed 37 N.Y.3d 1106, 157 N.Y.S.3d 402, 178 N.E.3d 1281 [2021] ), we reverse the order and judgment, grant the posttrial motion, set aside the verdict, reinstate the Labor Law § 240 (1) claim, grant judgment on liability in favor of plaintiffs on that claim, and remit the matter for a trial on damages only.