Opinion
No. 42213.
March 12, 1962.
1. Bastards — bastardy proceedings — continuance — refusal of, in Court's discretion.
Refusal to continue bastardy proceeding until succeeding term of court was discretionary, where defendant had agreed on date set for trial, subpoenas had been issued for witnesses returnable on that date and plaintiff's declaration set forth substantially same facts as testified to in Justice of Peace Court nearly a year before.
2. Bastards — same — testimony, without objection, of acts of sexual intercourse other than on date charged in complaint, not reversible error.
Permitting plaintiff to testify that she had sexual intercourse with defendant on dates other than date charged in bastardy complaint was not reversible error, in absence of objection to such testimony on motion made to strike witness' answer stating she had intercourse with defendant about three times.
3. Bastards — same — profert of illegitimate child before jury may be made.
Permitting plaintiff to make profert of child before jury in bastardy proceeding was not reversible error.
4. Bastards — same — issue as to paternity, for jury.
Issue as to paternity was for jury in bastardy proceeding.
5. Bastards — same — instructions — damages — form of verdict — improper instructions.
Instruction that, if defendant were found to be father of child, damages should be awarded to guarantee support for child until it arrived at age of 18 years and instruction as to form of verdict not showing number of years that payments were to be made, were improper in that it was jury's duty to determine number of years that payments should be made. Sec. 392, Code 1942.
6. Appeal — same — Supreme Court not authorized to supply omission where jury verdict failed to fix number of years support payments should be made.
Court was not authorized to direct that support payments should continue until child reached eighteenth birthday, where jury did not determine number of years for which payments should be made. Sec. 392, Code 1942.
Headnotes as approved by Kyle, J.
APPEAL from the Circuit Court of Jones County; LUNSFORD CASEY, J.
Pittman, King Pittman, Hattiesburg, for appellant.
I. Sec. 386 of the Code of 1942 requires the complaining party to file a declaration on or before the first day of the term of the Circuit Court actually held so that the appellant may plead thereto as in other cases. The Court committed error in putting defendant to trial on such short notice after the declaration was filed. The statute specifically states that the defendant may plead thereto as in other cases, and we should have had more than one day to answer the declaration. Beeks v. Walker, 146 Miss. 400, 111 So. 567.
II. The Court committed reversible error in permitting the appellee to testify that she had sexual intercourse with the defendant on dates other than the date charged in her complaint. Beeks v. Walker, supra.
III. The verdict must be specific. Emmerick v. Hughes, 158 Miss. 256, 130 So. 154; Rhoades v. Campbell, 197 Miss. 7, 19 So.2d 244; Sec. 277, Code 1906; Sec. 392, Code 1942; 7 Am. Jur. 71, 79.
IV. It was error and indeed improper to make profert and exhibit the child to the jury in this case; it being an infant only four months of age. 7 Am. Jur., Sec. 121 p. 701.
V. The verdict of the jury is against the overwhelming weight of testimony.
VI. The Court committed error in granting appellee's instruction which reads as follows: "The Court charges the jury for the plaintiff, that if you believe from the preponderance of the evidence that the defendant is the father of the child in question in this case, then it is your sworn duty under the law of the land to find for the plaintiff and award such damages or support as you shall from the evidence believe proper, and such as will reasonably guarantee a proper support and education for said child until it arrives at the age of eighteen years, and this award in one lump sum, or payable monthly, quarterly or annually. And you may on passing on such award, take into consideration the reasonable expenses necessary to feed, clothe, house, and educate said child. And there may be included all reasonable probable medical bills, hospital bills, and doctor's bills and nurses bills covering such period of its minority, as well as reasonable necessities for its other support and education all to be considered in the light of the station in life occupied by the parties as well as the financial ability of plaintiff and defendant, shown by the proof." Daughdrill v. Hathorn, 160 Miss. 291, 133 So. 131.
VII. The Court erroneously granted the appellee's instruction which reads as follows: "The Court instructs the jury for the plaintiff that if you should find for the plaintiff that the defendant is the father of this child, then the form of your verdict should be: `We the jury find for the plaintiff and assess damages for the support of the child against the father at $ ____ monthly or $ ____ annually', whichever you think should be made, but you should write your verdict upon a separate piece of paper from this instruction."
Humphrey Moynihan, Laurel, for appellee.
I. The case here presented is a factual one, and this Court should affirm the judgment of the lower court.
This is a bastardy proceeding by the mother of an illegitimate child against the alleged father. The case was tried at the regular February 1961 term of the court. There was a verdict for the plaintiff, for "damages for support of the child against the father at $25 monthly"; and on that verdict the court entered a judgment "that the plaintiff * * * do have and recover of and from the defendant * * * a judgment in the sum of $25 per month, together with interest on matured monthly payments at 6% per annum from the date of October 28, 1960, until paid * * * said sum to be paid monthly for the support of the minor child * * *, the payment of which to continue until the said child reaches her eighteenth birthday * * *." From that judgment the appellant has prosecuted this appeal.
The appellant's attorneys have assigned and argued several points as grounds for the reversal of the judgment of the lower court.
It is first argued that the court erred in overruling a motion filed by the appellant on March 2, 1961, for a continuance of the cause until the next succeeding term of the court. But we think there is no merit in that contention.
(Hn 1) The record shows that a statutory affidavit was filed by the mother of the child in the justice of the peace court during the month of March 1960, charging that the appellant was the father of a bastard child with which the appellant was then pregnant; that the defendant was brought before the justice of the peace and testimony of the plaintiff was taken; and that the defendant was bound over to appear before the next term of the circuit court to be held on the fourth Monday of July 1960. No action was taken at the July term of the court for the reason that the court was informed that the child had not been born; and the case was continued until the November term of the court. The child was born on October 28, 1960, but the case was not tried at the November term of the court; and an order was entered continuing the case until the February 1961 term of the court, which convened on February 27, 1961. On the opening day of that term the court sounded the docket and set the case for trial on March 2. The motion for a continuance was filed on March 2, and in overruling the motion the trial judge stated his reasons therefor as follows: That the defendant's counsel had agreed by letter that the case might be set for trial on March 2, and the attorneys for the respective parties had caused subpoenas to be issued for witnesses returnable on that date; that no declaration had been filed on the opening day of the term, but all of the papers had been transmitted from the justice of the peace court to the circuit court; and that the plaintiff had filed her declaration on March 2, in which she had set forth substantially the same facts as to the intercourse and pregnancy as she had testified to in the justice of the peace court. In view of the facts stated the trial judge was of the opinion that the appellant should have time to traverse the declaration, but the case should not be continued until the next term. The court therefore granted a continuance of one day to give the parties time to prepare their papers, and the case was set for trial on the next succeeding day of the February term of the court. It is argued on behalf of the appellant that the court erred in putting the appellant to trial on such short notice after the declaration was filed. But we think the trial judge did not abuse his discretion in refusing to grant the appellant's request for a continuance of the cause until the next succeeding term of the court; and there is no evidence in the record to indicate that the appellant was prejudiced by the court's failure to grant such continuance.
(Hn 2) It is next argued that the court erred in permitting the appellee to testify that she had sexual intercourse with the defendant on dates other than the date charged in her complaint. But no objection was made to that part of the witness's testimony, and no motion was made to strike the part of the witness's answer in which she stated that she had had sexual intercourse with the appellant "about three times." (Hn 3) It is next argued that the court erred in permitting the appellee to make profert of the child before the jury. But this Court has held in several cases that the action of the trial court in permitting profert of the child to be made to the jury is not reversible error. See Smith v. Hawkins, 93 Miss. 588, 47 So. 429; Welford v. Havard, 127 Miss. 88, 89 So. 812.
(Hn 4) It is next argued that the court erred in overruling the defendant's motions for a directed verdict at the conclusion of the plaintiff's evidence and at the conclusion of all of the evidence. But there was no error in the court's actions in overruling each of those motions. There was a direct conflict in the testimony of the plaintiff and her witnesses and the testimony of the defendant and his witnesses, and the issue of fact thus presented was properly left for the jury to decide. It is next argued that the court erred in refusing to grant five instructions requested by the appellant. But each of those instructions was properly refused.
(Hn 5) Finally, it is argued that the court erred in granting the appellee's instruction which appears on page 19 of the record, and in granting the appellee's instruction which appears on page 21 of the record. We think the court erred in granting each of the two instructions complained of. In the instruction which appears on page 19 of the record the court instructed the jury that, if they believed from a preponderance of the evidence that the defendant was the father of the child in question, it was their duty to find for the plaintiff "and award such damages or support as you shall from the evidence believe proper, and such as will reasonably guarantee a proper support and education for said child until it arrives at the age of eighteen years, and this awarded in one lump sum, or payable monthly, quarterly or annually."
In the instruction which appears on page 21, the court instructs the jury for the plaintiff that if they should find for the plaintiff that the defendant was the father of the child, the form of their verdict should be, "`We, the jury find for the plaintiff and assess damages for the support of the child against the father at $ ____ monthly or $ ____ annually,' whichever you think should be made."
The two instructions are erroneous for the reason that neither of the instructions conforms to the provisions of the statute, Section 392, Code of 1942, which provides that, "If the jury shall find for the complainant, it may assess such damages as it may think proper in her favor, or in favor of the child if the mother be dead, and may direct the same to be paid annually or otherwise for any term of years not exceeding eighteen, and the court shall render judgment accordingly * * *."
(Hn 6) From a reading of the statute, it can be readily seen that it was the function of the jury to assess the damages and direct the manner in which the same should be paid, whether annually or otherwise, for a term of years not exceeding eighteen; and it was the duty of the court to render judgment accordingly. The jury by its verdict directed that the damages be paid in monthly installments of $25 each, but the jury did not determine the number of years for which such monthly payments should be made. It seems clear from the language of the statute that it was the intention of the Legislature to provide that the jury, and not the court, should determine the number of years during which such installment payments should be made. The form of the verdict which the jury returned failed to conform to the requirements of the statute; and the court was not authorized to supply the omission by directing that the payment should continue until the child reached her eighteenth birthday.
For the reasons stated above the judgment of the lower court will be affirmed as to liability, but reversed insofar as it adjudges the amount of damages to be recovered and the manner of payment thereof, and the cause will be remanded for a new trial for the assessment of damages and a proper determination by the jury of the manner in which the same shall be paid and for what length of time, not to exceed eighteen years.
Affirmed as to liability, and reversed and remanded for a new trial on the issue of damages only.
McGehee, C.J., and Gillespie, Rodgers and Jones, JJ., concur.