Opinion
May, 1922.
Samuel J. Goldberg ( I.N. Jacobson, of counsel), for plaintiff.
David L. Podell ( J.J. Podell, of counsel), for defendants Schulman et al.
Bernard Fliashnick, for defendant Crompton Building Corporation.
Snitkin Goodman ( L.A. Snitkin, of counsel), for defendant Mintz.
The defendant Crompton Building Corporation is the owner in fee of the premises No. 31 East Thirty-first street, a building having twelve lofts and a penthouse on the rear half of the roof. The building is occupied by merchants in the ladies' garment trade. The defendant Mintz, a manufacturer of dresses, was the lessee of the twelfth floor and penthouse, under a lease expiring February 1, 1920. The plaintiff Finkenberg is the occupant of the loft on the tenth floor under an assignment of a lease expiring January 1, 1923. About a year before his lease expired, Mintz opened negotiations with the defendant landlord for the renewal of his lease of the twelfth floor and penthouse. The landlord offered him a five-year lease at a rental of $10,000 a year. Mintz refused to bind himself for more than a three-year term. The negotiations with Mintz thus came to an end, and thereafter, in March, 1919, the loft and penthouse then occupied by Mintz were leased to defendants Schulman and Hauptman for five years, beginning at the expiration of Mintz's lease, at a rental of $10,000 a year. By the terms of the lease to Schulman and Hauptman, the latter covenanted "not to assign this lease or underlet the said demised premises without the written consent of the lessor first had and obtained." Then follows a provision for the landlord's re-entry in case of failure to keep the covenants of the lease. Notwithstanding the inhibition against an assignment of the lease without the written consent of the landlord, the defendants Schulman and Hauptman, in June, 1919, by written assignment, transferred the lease to the plaintiff for $10,000, of which amount $3,500 was paid by Finkenberg to Schulman and Hauptman on the execution of the agreement to assign (June third), together with $833.33, the first month's rent. The remaining payments were to be made as follows: $2,000 on February 1, 1920; $2,000 on July 1, 1920, and $2,500 on February 1, 1921. On July 25, 1919, the attorney of the defendant landlord notified the plaintiff that the landlord intended to insist upon a strict compliance with that provision of the lease forbidding its assignment without the written consent of the landlord. On August 19, 1919, the defendant landlord gave notice to the defendants Schulman and Hauptman of its cancellation of the lease to the latter because of their violation of the covenant against assigning without the landlord's consent. At the same time it returned to Schulman and Hauptman the check deposited with it for the first month's rent. Immediately thereafter the defendant landlord leased the said twelfth floor to the defendant Mintz for a term of five years from February 1, 1920, and the lease was recorded on August 25, 1919. The defendant Mintz is still in possession of the loft in question. On October 15, 1919, the penthouse also was leased to Mintz for five years under a lease which was duly recorded, and he is now in possession thereof under the last-mentioned lease. It is conceded that the landlord did not consent in writing to the assignment of the lease by Schulman and Hauptman to the plaintiff. But it is claimed by the plaintiff and by defendants Schulman and Hauptman that the defendant landlord waived its right to declare a forfeiture of the lease and that by acquiescence in the assignment thereof as made he is estopped from questioning the validity of the assignment. The plaintiff asks for a judgment requiring the defendants landlord and Mintz to deliver possession of the said twelfth floor and penthouse to the plaintiff, and for an injunction restraining the defendants landlord and Mintz from interfering with plaintiff's possession during the term of the lease to Schulman and Hauptman. Plaintiff also asks for damages against these defendants landlord and Mintz for the withholding of the premises. As an alternative, in case he is not entitled to a judgment against the landlord and Mintz, plaintiff asks for a judgment rescinding and canceling his agreement with defendants Schulman and Hauptman, under which he took an assignment of the latter's lease, and for the return of the money he paid therefor. It is clearly established by the evidence that both the plaintiff and defendants Schulman and Hauptman knew from the outset that they would have to come to an understanding and financial arrangement with the defendant landlord in order to obtain its written consent to the assignment of the lease to plaintiff. Notwithstanding, plaintiff took the assignment with the risk of failing to get the necessary consent. He was warned by his attorney against such a course, but rejected this advice with the remark that he would take the chances. Thereafter he made several attempts to induce the landlord to give his consent, but his negotiations were not successful. In this action he ingeniously urges the incidents of these negotiations with the landlord as a basis of a claim of waiver and estoppel and consent to the assignment on the part of the landlord. In my opinion he has failed to sustain any of these claims and his complaint should be dismissed as to the defendants Crompton Building Corporation and Mintz. Nor do I think that equity can afford him any relief as against the defendants Schulman and Hauptman. Both parties were wagering upon the chances of getting the landlord's written consent to the assignment. Both were willing that the provisions of the lease should be violated and were satisfied to take the chance of inducing the landlord to overlook it. For these reasons the complaint as to defendants Schulman and Hauptman should be dismissed. The defendant Mintz and the Crompton Building Corporation ask that the complaint be dismissed for the reason that plaintiff has an adequate remedy at law. In this contention I think the defendants are right. If plaintiff has a good lease he can gain possession in an action of ejectment against Mintz. If Schulman and Hauptman induced the plaintiff to accept the assignment of the lease upon the promise to obtain the landlord's consent, and failed to fulfill their agreement, plaintiff has a complete remedy at law against them. And if the defendant landlord leased the premises to Mintz in disregard of plaintiff's rights as assignee of the lease to Schulman and Hauptman, he can bring an action at law for damages against the landlord. Plaintiff's answer to these objections is that he has a right to bring the action in equity in order to avoid a multiplicity of suits. A prerequisite to that course is stated in the case of Warnock Uniform Co. v. Garifalos, 224 N.Y. 522, as follows: "Among the defendants there is neither community of right or interest in the subject-matter of the action, nor community of interest in the questions of law and fact involved in the general controversy. * * * The plaintiff, naturally, desires to avoid vexation, expense, trouble and delay by a consolidation, in effect, of the independent causes of action at law into one cause of action in equity. This it cannot have. * * *" In the present case it may be that the defendant landlord and defendant Mintz have a community of interest in the questions involved, but defendants Schulman and Hauptman's interest therein has nothing in common with that of the other defendants. For these reasons also the complaint should be dismissed as against all of the defendants. Findings passed upon.
Judgment accordingly.