Opinion
33078.
DECIDED JUNE 20, 1950.
Action for damages; from Floyd Superior Court — Judge Nichols. March 23, 1950.
Maddox Maddox, for plaintiff.
Wright, Rogers, Magruder Hoyt, Hicks Culbert, Lanham, Parker Clary, for defendant.
Where the allegations of the petition join as defendants two or more alleged tort-feasors and are sufficient to show that their concurrent acts of negligence operated to produce the injury complained of, a cause of action is set out as against each one, as well as all, of the defendants, and such petition is not subject to general demurrer.
DECIDED JUNE 20, 1950.
Mrs. Pansy Fetzer brought suit for personal injuries against Calvin Rampley and Chalmer Wayland as partners, J. C. Kay, doing business as Kay Construction Company, Frank Byran and Mrs. T. M. Wayland in the Superior Court of Floyd County. The petition in substance alleged that the plaintiff was a guest in an automobile proceeding in a westerly direction along a public highway known as Sugar Valley Road; that said highway is about 20 feet wide and covered with gravel; that the automobile in which she was riding was proceeding up a slight hill; that at the top of the hill there was located a house on the southerly side belonging to one Jarrard; that a driveway ran at right angles from this house to the road; that just beyond this driveway was a woodpile blocking the view of any person on the driveway of the road to the west; that as the plaintiff approached this intersection a road grader belonging to the defendant J. C. Kay and operated by the defendant Frank Byran, located in the driveway, commenced backing into the highway; that because of the position of the woodpile, the hill, and the curve, the driver Byran could not see whether traffic was approaching the intersection from the west, and that he stationed nobody outside to inform him as to whether traffic was in fact approaching; that he backed the road grader approximately 10 feet into the highway and it was in this position when the collision occurred; that the plaintiff's automobile was at that moment approaching from the east and the driver, observing the road grader backing into the road, pulled to her extreme right of the road and almost brought the car to a stop; that at this instant a truck belonging to the defendants Rampley and Wayland, driven by Rampley and heavily loaded with dirt and gravel, traveling at a speed of at least 40 miles per hour, approached from the west around the curve of the road; that the road grader by this time was blocking Rampley's entire half of the road; that it was almost directly in front of the truck and the truck could not be brought to a stop; that in attempting to avoid the road grader the defendant Rampley drove the truck to the left side of the highway and around the rear of the road grader, and that it then, after passing the road grader, cut abruptly to the right in an effort to avoid striking the automobile in which the plaintiff was riding but was unable to do so, and that it struck the car, inflicting certain described injuries upon the plaintiff. It was further alleged that at the time the truck reached the point where the road grader was it was being operated at approximately 35 miles per hour.
The defendants Rampley and Wayland filed general demurrers, which were sustained and the action dismissed as to them. To the judgment of the court sustaining the general demurrers of these defendants the plaintiff brings error.
The defendants Rampley and Wayland are alleged to have been negligent in the following respects: in operating their truck at a rate of speed greater than that allowed by law, and greater than that which was reasonable and safe in view of the existing conditions; in failing to reduce speed in approaching a curve, or to give any sign or signal of such approach; in driving on the left side of the road; in not keeping a lookout ahead; in driving at such a rate of speed that the driver could not control the truck, and in striking the petitioner while driving on the left side of the road. The weight of the truck is not set out in the petition, and, since the allegations in this regard are merely that the truck was operated at a speed of 40 miles per hour as it rounded the curve, and at 35 miles per hour when it reached the road grader, the allegation that it was exceeding the speed limit as fixed by Code (Ann. Supp.) § 68-301 (b), would have been subject to demurrer, since it does not set out the weight of the truck or the type of tires used. No such demurrer was interposed, however, and in consequence, as against a general demurrer, the petition contains allegations of negligence per se in exceeding the speed limit. It also alleges that the speed of the automobile was greater than that which is reasonable or safe in view of the road conditions, the road being narrow and covered with loose stone, which would amount to a violation of Code (Ann. Supp.) § 68-301 (a). It further alleges the rate of speed was such that the driver could not control the truck, and that he did not keep a lookout ahead. This constitutes negligence as a matter of fact, when proved. Southeastern Express Co. v. Nightingale, 33 Ga. App. 515 (3) ( 126 S.E. 915). There is nothing in the petition to negative these allegations of negligence and if on the trial of the case they are proved to the satisfaction of the jury, and if the jury finds that such negligence is the contributing proximate cause of the plaintiff's injuries, then a verdict as to these defendants would be authorized. As regards negligence in fact, see Georgia Power Co. v. Blum, 80 Ga. App. 618, 625 ( 57 S.E.2d 18) which holds as follows: "In all cases where the minds of reasonable persons may disagree as to whether an act alleged to be negligent is in fact negligence, as well as in all cases where reasonable minds may disagree as to whether the negligence alleged concurred with the negligent acts of third persons as a proximate cause, these questions should go to a jury for decision." In Eidson v. Felder, 68 Ga. App. 188 ( 22 S.E.2d 523), at page 191 the following language is quoted with approval from the case of Ga. Ry. Power Co. v. Ryan, 24 Ga. App. 288 ( 100 S.E. 713): "It is a well-settled principle of law that where two concurrent causes operate directly in bringing about an injury, there can be a recovery against either one or both of the responsible parties. The mere fact that the injury would not have been sustained had only one of the acts of negligence occurred will not of itself operate to define and limit the other act as constituting the proximate cause, for if both acts of negligence contributed directly and concurrently in bringing about the injury, they together will constitute the proximate cause." It must be taken as true on demurrer that the heavily loaded truck proceeded around a curve at a speed in excess of the legal limit on a narrow, gravel surfaced road; that it found its path blocked by the sudden emergence from the driveway of a vehicle entering the highway from the driveway; that it was unable to stop, either because the truck was not under proper control or because the driver was not keeping a proper lookout ahead; that it swerved sharply to the left, passed around the vehicle blocking its path, and ran into a car which was almost at a standstill and on its extreme right side of the road just beyond the road grader. It cannot be said as a matter of law that this is not negligence. It may be granted, as urged by counsel, that it was an emergency, and it is well settled that the degree of care after the emergency has been discovered is only that which, under all the facts of the case, a reasonably prudent man might be expected to exercise. Napier v. DuBose, 45 Ga. App. 661 (4) ( 165 S.E. 773). Counsel for the defendants also cite Cone v. Davis, 66 Ga. App. 229 ( 17 S.E.2d 849), to the effect that the law does not impose any duty on a man to guard against sudden, unforeseen, and not reasonably to be anticipated acts of another person. It is also stated in that case that if the driver of the car himself was the cause of the emergency, he cannot take advantage of this principle of law.
It is a jury question here, not only as to whether the acts of negligence alleged can be substantiated by testimony on the trial of the case, but also whether, if substantiated, they will amount to a contributing proximate cause of the injury. No negligence is alleged against the plaintiff's host or the plaintiff herself. The injuries resulted either entirely from the negligence of the truck driver, entirely from the negligence of the driver of the road machinery, or from the combined negligence of the two. The road grader blocked the road. The truck driver, instead of stopping when this obstacle became apparent to him, or taking some other course, proceeded around the obstacle on the left side of the road and struck the car in which the plaintiff was riding. Where several concurrent causes operate to produce an injury there may be a recovery against all or any one of the responsible parties. See Scearce v. Gainesville, 33 Ga. App. 411 (3) ( 126 S.E. 883); Williams v. Grier, 196 Ga. 327 ( 26 S.E.2d, 698); Southeastern Greyhound Lines v. Gilstrap, 76 Ga. App. 813 ( 47 S.E.2d 166); Hopkins v. Atlanta, 172 Ga. 254 ( 157 S.E. 473). Under the allegations of the petition here, the right of the plaintiff to recover from the demurring defendants is a jury question.
The trial court erred in sustaining the general demurrers and in dismissing the petition as to the defendants Rampley and Wayland.
Judgment reversed. MacIntyre, P. J., and Gardner, J., concur.