Opinion
910 CAF 20-00966
12-23-2021
In the MATTER OF GRAYSON R.V. Erie County Department of Social Services, Petitioner-Respondent; v. Jessica D., Raymond J., Kimberly K., Respondents-Appellants, and David P., Respondent. (Appeal No. 2.)
CHARLES J. GREENBERG, AMHERST, FOR RESPONDENT-APPELLANT JESSICA D. DAVID J. PAJAK, ALDEN, FOR RESPONDENT-APPELLANT RAYMOND J. DEBORAH J. SCINTA, ORCHARD PARK, FOR RESPONDENT-APPELLANT KIMBERLY K. REBECCA HOFFMAN, BUFFALO, FOR PETITIONER-RESPONDENT. DAVID C. SCHOPP, THE LEGAL AID BUREAU OF BUFFALO, INC., BUFFALO (MICHELLE MONCHER OF COUNSEL), ATTORNEY FOR THE CHILD.
CHARLES J. GREENBERG, AMHERST, FOR RESPONDENT-APPELLANT JESSICA D.
DAVID J. PAJAK, ALDEN, FOR RESPONDENT-APPELLANT RAYMOND J.
DEBORAH J. SCINTA, ORCHARD PARK, FOR RESPONDENT-APPELLANT KIMBERLY K.
REBECCA HOFFMAN, BUFFALO, FOR PETITIONER-RESPONDENT.
DAVID C. SCHOPP, THE LEGAL AID BUREAU OF BUFFALO, INC., BUFFALO (MICHELLE MONCHER OF COUNSEL), ATTORNEY FOR THE CHILD.
PRESENT: SMITH, J.P., PERADOTTO, NEMOYER, BANNISTER, AND DEJOSEPH, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
It is hereby ORDERED that the corrected order so appealed from is unanimously affirmed without costs.
Memorandum: In this proceeding pursuant to Family Court Act article 10, Jessica D., Raymond J., and Kimberly K. (respondents) appeal, in appeal No. 1, from an order determining that the subject child was an abused child due to the actions of respondents. In appeal No. 2, respondents appeal from a corrected order determining that the child was a severely abused child due to the actions of respondents.
At the outset, we note that the order in appeal No. 1 was superseded by the corrected order in appeal No. 2, and we therefore must dismiss appeal No. 1 (see Matter of Alex V. [Dennis V.] , 172 A.D.3d 734, 734, 97 N.Y.S.3d 505 [2d Dept. 2019] ; Matter of Eric D. [appeal No. 1], 162 A.D.2d 1051, 1051, 559 N.Y.S.2d 156 [4th Dept. 1990] ; see generally U.S. Bank N.A. v. Balderston , 163 A.D.3d 1482, 1483, 83 N.Y.S.3d 382 [4th Dept. 2018] ). We further note that both of the notices of appeal filed by Kimberly K. apply only to the order in appeal No. 1. Nevertheless, we exercise our discretion to treat one of her notices of appeal as valid with respect to the corrected order in appeal No. 2 (see CPLR 5520 [c] ; Matter of Goodyear v. New York State Dept. of Health , 163 A.D.3d 1427, 1428, 82 N.Y.S.3d 280 [4th Dept. 2018], lv denied 32 N.Y.3d 914, 2019 WL 637678 [2019] ).
In appeal No. 2, we reject the contention of Raymond J. that he is not a proper respondent in this Family Court Act article 10 proceeding. Pursuant to Family Court Act § 1012 (a), a respondent "includes any parent or other person legally responsible for a child's care who is alleged to have abused or neglected such child." On the record before us, we conclude that Raymond J. "acted as the functional equivalent of a parent with respect to the ... child, rendering him a person legally responsible for that child's care" ( Matter of Donell S. [Donell S.] , 72 A.D.3d 1611, 1612, 900 N.Y.S.2d 217 [4th Dept. 2010], lv denied 15 N.Y.3d 705, 2010 WL 3431042 [2010] ; see Matter of Yolanda D. , 88 N.Y.2d 790, 795-797, 651 N.Y.S.2d 1, 673 N.E.2d 1228 [1996] ; Matter of Celeste S. [Richard B.] , 164 A.D.3d 1605, 1606, 84 N.Y.S.3d 626 [4th Dept. 2018], lv denied 32 N.Y.3d 912, 2019 WL 150816 [2019] ; Matter of Mackenzie P.G. [Tiffany P.] , 148 A.D.3d 1015, 1017, 48 N.Y.S.3d 778 [2d Dept. 2017] ).
Respondents contend that petitioner did not meet its burden in establishing that the child was abused within the meaning of Family Court Act §§ 1012 (e) and 1046 (a) (ii) because the child had multiple caregivers during the relevant times. We reject those contentions. Family Court Act § 1046 (a) (ii) "provides that a prima facie case of child abuse or neglect may be established by evidence of (1) an injury to a child which would ordinarily not occur absent an act or omission of respondents, and (2) that respondents were the caretakers of the child at the time the injury occurred" ( Matter of Philip M. , 82 N.Y.2d 238, 243, 604 N.Y.S.2d 40, 624 N.E.2d 168 [1993] ; see Matter of Nancy B. , 207 A.D.2d 956, 957, 617 N.Y.S.2d 83 [4th Dept. 1994] ). Section 1046 (a) (ii) "authorizes a method of proof which is closely analogous to the negligence rule of res ipsa loquitur" ( Philip M. , 82 N.Y.2d at 244, 604 N.Y.S.2d 40, 624 N.E.2d 168 ). Although the burden of proving child abuse rests with the petitioner (see id. ; Matter of Mary R.F. [Angela I.] , 144 A.D.3d 1493, 1493, 41 N.Y.S.3d 341 [4th Dept. 2016], lv denied 28 N.Y.3d 915, 2017 WL 628934 [2017] ), once the petitioner "has established a prima facie case, the burden of going forward shifts to [the] respondents to rebut the evidence of parental culpability" ( Philip M. , 82 N.Y.2d at 244, 604 N.Y.S.2d 40, 624 N.E.2d 168 ; see generally Matter of Devre S. [Carlee C.] , 74 A.D.3d 1848, 1849, 902 N.Y.S.2d 739 [4th Dept. 2010] ).
In this case, we conclude that petitioner established that the child suffered numerous injuries that "would ordinarily not occur absent an act or omission of respondents" ( Philip M. , 82 N.Y.2d at 243, 604 N.Y.S.2d 40, 624 N.E.2d 168 ). Specifically, when the child was seven months old, he was diagnosed with, among other injuries, numerous broken ribs, a fractured skull, and numerous fractures to both of his legs (see Matter of Tyree B. [Christina H.] , 160 A.D.3d 1389, 1389, 75 N.Y.S.3d 391 [4th Dept. 2018] ), which had been inflicted over the course of several months. Moreover, petitioner offered unrebutted testimony from the child's pediatrician that some of the child's fractures were the result of "repeated violent shaking," and that those types of fractures did not "occur for any other reason" (see Matter of Deseante L.R. [Femi R.] , 159 A.D.3d 1534, 1535, 72 N.Y.S.3d 713 [4th Dept. 2018] ; Matter of Wyquanza J. [Lisa J.] , 93 A.D.3d 1360, 1361, 940 N.Y.S.2d 514 [4th Dept. 2012] ).
We further conclude that petitioner established that "respondents were the caretakers of the child at the time the injur[ies] occurred" ( Philip M. , 82 N.Y.2d at 243, 604 N.Y.S.2d 40, 624 N.E.2d 168 ), despite the fact that the child had multiple caregivers, including other individuals who occasionally babysat the child, during the months in which he sustained his injuries. Contrary to respondents’ contentions, petitioner was not required to pinpoint the exact time when the injuries occurred in order to establish which respondent was "the culpable caregiver" ( Matter of Matthew O. [Kenneth O.] , 103 A.D.3d 67, 74, 956 N.Y.S.2d 31 [1st Dept. 2012] ; see Matter of Avianna M.-G. [Stephen G.] , 167 A.D.3d 1523, 1523-1524, 91 N.Y.S.3d 641 [4th Dept. 2018], lv denied 33 N.Y.3d 902, 2019 WL 1941798 [2019] ). Petitioner established that respondents "shared responsibility for [the child's] care" during the time period in which the injuries were sustained ( Matthew O. , 103 A.D.3d at 75, 956 N.Y.S.2d 31 ; see Matter of Fantaysia L. , 36 A.D.3d 813, 814, 828 N.Y.S.2d 497 [2d Dept. 2007] ; Matter of Seamus K. , 33 A.D.3d 1030, 1033-1034, 822 N.Y.S.2d 168 [3d Dept. 2006] ), and "the presumption of culpability extends" to all three respondents ( Matthew O. , 103 A.D.3d at 74, 956 N.Y.S.2d 31 ). Thus, petitioner established a prima facie case against all three respondents (see id. at 75, 956 N.Y.S.2d 31 ). In response, respondents "fail[ed] to offer any explanation for the child's injuries" and simply denied inflicting them ( Philip M. , 82 N.Y.2d at 246, 604 N.Y.S.2d 40, 624 N.E.2d 168 ). We therefore conclude that respondents failed to rebut the presumption of culpability (see Tyree B. , 160 A.D.3d at 1389, 75 N.Y.S.3d 391 ; Matter of Damien S. , 45 A.D.3d 1384, 1384, 844 N.Y.S.2d 790 [4th Dept. 2007], lv denied 10 N.Y.3d 701, 853 N.Y.S.2d 542, 883 N.E.2d 369 [2008] ).
Finally, contrary to respondents’ further contentions, Family Court's finding of severe abuse is supported by the requisite clear and convincing evidence (see Family Ct Act § 1051 [e] ; see generally Social Services Law § 384-b [8] [a] [i] ). Indeed, the court's finding of severe abuse is supported by the "nature and severity of the child's injuries, coupled with [respondents’] failure to offer any explanation for those injuries" ( Mackenzie P.G. , 148 A.D.3d at 1017, 48 N.Y.S.3d 778, 48 N.Y.S.3d ), and evidence that respondents failed to promptly seek medical attention for the child (see Matter of Mya N. [Reginald N.] , 185 A.D.3d 1522, 1524-1525, 127 N.Y.S.3d 680 [4th Dept. 2020], lv denied 35 N.Y.3d 917, 2020 WL 6789072 [2020] ; see generally Seamus K. , 33 A.D.3d at 1035, 822 N.Y.S.2d 168 ).