Opinion
January 29, 1996
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Kings County (G. Aronin, J.).
Ordered that the order is reversed, on the law, with costs, the defendant's motion for summary judgment is granted, and the complaint is dismissed.
The plaintiff was assaulted and raped by her former boyfriend in the stairwell outside of her apartment in a public housing project. She commenced this action against the defendant as landlord and owner of the premises, alleging that despite its knowledge of prior criminal activity in and around the building, the defendant failed to properly maintain the lock on the front door to the apartment building. After issue was joined, the defendant moved for summary judgment. The court denied the motion, finding the existence of triable issues of fact. We now reverse and dismiss the complaint.
A landowner is not the insurer of his tenants ( see, Nallan v Helmsley-Spear, Inc., 50 N.Y.2d 507). However, a government entity, as "`a landowner must act as a reasonable [person] in maintaining his property in a reasonably safe condition in view of all the circumstances, including the likelihood of injuries to others, the seriousness of the injury, and the burden of avoiding the risk'" ( Basso v Miller, 40 N.Y.2d 233, 241; see also, Jacqueline S. v City of New York, 81 N.Y.2d 288; Miller v State of New York, 62 N.Y.2d 506; Nallan v Helmsley-Spear, Inc., supra). "Under this standard, a landlord has a duty to maintain minimal security measures, related to a specific building itself, in the face of foreseeable criminal intrusion upon [its] tenants" ( Miller v State of New York, supra, at 513, citing Nallan v Helmsley-Spear, Inc., supra; see also, Jacqueline S. v City of New York, supra; Tartar v Schildkraut, 151 A.D.2d 414; Loeser v Nathan Hale Gardens, 73 A.D.2d 187; Sherman v Concourse Realty Corp., 47 A.D.2d 134). Here, in order to sustain her evidentiary burden as to causation, it was incumbent upon the plaintiff, in response to the defendant's motion for summary judgment, to have proffered sworn, nonhearsay allegations of evidentiary fact or other competent evidence that the lock at issue was inoperable at the time of the attack and that the defendant knew or should have known of such a fact for a period of time sufficient to have repaired it ( see, Beatty v National Assn. for Advancement of Colored People, 194 A.D.2d 361; see also, Loeser v Nathan Hale Gardens, supra; Sherman v Concourse Realty Corp., supra). However, no such evidence was proffered. Accordingly, even if we assume that the attack was foreseeable, the defendant's motion for summary judgment should have been granted and the complaint dismissed. Miller, J.P., O'Brien, Ritter and Goldstein, JJ., concur.