Summary
In Ecker v. City of Cincinnati, 52 Ohio App. 422, 3 N.E.2d 814, the Court of Appeals for the First Appellate District, through Judge Hamilton, discussed the Luttner case, coming to a similar conclusion.
Summary of this case from Hull, Exrx. v. City of ClevelandOpinion
Decided January 27, 1936.
Office and officer — Policeman suspended after grand jury indictment — Suspension terminated when indictment nolled — Salary for time of suspension, not recoverable, when.
A police officer who was suspended by the chief of police after the grand jury returned an indictment against him charging him with having committed the crime of bribery, is not entitled to recover his salary for the time of his suspension although the indictment was later nolled, at which time the officer's suspension was terminated, where the officer, during the time of such suspension, did not perform any services as a police officer, and did not attempt in any way to have his suspension terminated.
ERROR: Court of Appeals for Hamilton county.
Mr. Charles E. Dornette, for plaintiff in error.
Mr. John D. Ellis, city solicitor, and Mr. Francis T. Bartlett, for defendant in error.
This case originated in the Municipal Court of Cincinnati and is here on error to the judgment of that court.
Plaintiff in error, Robert V. Ecker, filed suit in the Municipal Court against the city of Cincinnati, seeking to recover salary as a police officer of the city, covering a period during which he was under suspension and not engaged in the service of the city. In his bill of particulars he alleges that he was an acting detective in the police department of the city of Cincinnati prior to the 27th day of July, 1934; that on that date the grand jury of Hamilton county returned an indictment against him charging him with having committed the crime of bribery, and that by reason of said indictment he was suspended from the police department of the city of Cincinnati by the chief of police of the city; that he was never brought to trial under said indictment; that on November 22, 1934, the indictment was nolled, and on November 30, 1934, he was reinstated as such police officer. He claims that by reason of said suspension he was deprived of his salary, and that the city of Cincinnati is indebted to him for his salary covering the period of suspension.
The answer of the city in substance admits the allegations of the petition, and then alleges that during the time of such suspension the plaintiff did not perform any services as a police officer for the city of Cincinnati, and did not attempt in any way to have his suspension terminated, and that the chief of police voluntarily terminated it on the day following the announcement of the nolle prosequi of said indictment.
The city in its answer asks that the bill of particulars be dismissed and prays for judgment in its favor.
The facts are not in dispute and are presented on an agreed statement of facts incorporated in a bill of exceptions.
The first question raised by plaintiff in error, Ecker, challenges the right of the chief of police to suspend him under the circumstances. Plaintiff in error Ecker further attacks the suspension on the grounds that he did nothing to cause the suspension; that he is presumed innocent of crime until proven guilty, and that the indictment, in view of the nolle prosequi, is an admission that he was not guilty at the time of his suspension of the offense charged in the indictment. This in effect challenges the discretion of the chief of police, who has, under the laws of the city, the power of suspension. On this proposition it is not a question of the guilt or innocence of the accused under the indictment. The question confronting the chief of police, upon which the action of suspension is grounded, lies in the fact that the police officer was indicted by at least 12 citizens of a grand jury, and that there was extended publicity in the city of the grand jury's indictment.
The character of the work of a police officer would certainly require the chief of police to take cognizance of the situation. The chief of police could not allow the police officer to perform police work in the city of Cincinnati while under indictment for a bribery charge. To do so would be an affront to the people of the city, and, as well, a failure on the part of the chief of police to properly perform his duties as such officer. Under the circumstances the chief of police did not abuse the discretion vested in him, but exercised a sound discretion in the administration of his office in suspending the officer pending the outcome of the indictment.
Moreover, Ecker did not at any time challenge his suspension by appropriate action, which he might have done immediately upon his suspension.
Plaintiff in error Ecker claims notwithstanding the legality of the suspension, if it should be so found, that he having survived the indictment without conviction is entitled to his salary. In other words, that the entering of the nolle prosequi being in effect an admission of his innocence he was entitled to his salary as such officer during the period of suspension, and plaintiff in error cites the case of City of Cleveland v. Luttner, 92 Ohio St. 493, 111 N.E. 280, in support of his claim.
As against this claim the city, the defendant in error, cites Steubenville v. Culp, 38 Ohio St. 18. The syllabus in that case reads:
"A police officer, suspended from office, by the mayor of a city, under the authority granted by sections 121 and 211 of the municipal code, (66 Ohio L. 170, 184), is not entitled to wages during the period of such suspension, notwithstanding the council afterward declared the cause of suspension insufficient."
It is contended that the Luttner case was decided subsequently to the Culp case, and, therefore, establishes a new rule, and in effect overrules the decision in the Culp case.
The cases are clearly distinguishable. There are some observations in the opinion in the Luttner case that may in a way conflict with the decision in the Culp case, but the circumstances and facts on which the two cases are decided are entirely different. It will be noted that the decision in the Luttner case did not in any way mention the decision in the Culp case, and when the facts are known does not overrule the law laid down in the Culp case.
The record in the Luttner case discloses that a number of policemen were discharged from the service as policemen in the city of Cleveland. They were ejected from their positions for alleged disobedience of a rule which their superior officer had suspended conditionally — they having faithfully complied with the condition and having been cast out nevertheless. The record in the Luttner case further discloses that an action in mandamus was brought in the Court of Appeals against the city of Cleveland and others to compel the reinstatement of the relator to his position in the police department and restoration of all the rights he lost by reason of the illegal suspension and discharge. Upon this issue joined the Court of Appeals made the following journal entry:
"This cause came on to be heard upon the pleading and the evidence. On consideration whereof the Court finds on the issues joined for the relator and that he is entitled to have a peremptory writ of mandamus issue as prayed for.
"It is, therefore, ordered that a peremptory writ of mandamus issue against the City of Cleveland and Charles W. Stage, Director of Public Safety of said city, commanding the said Charles W. Stage to discharge his plain duty in the premises and ordering and directing him to re-instate the relator to his position and all of the rights and pay as a member and officer of the police force of the City of Cleveland as of the date of April 25th, 1911, and commanding the said Director of Public Safety to issue or cause to be issued a warrant for the salary due and payable to the relator since the date of his pretended suspension from said police force, to-wit: the 25th day of April, 1911."
From this judgment, no proceeding for review was taken and the judgment became a finality. The salaries of the removed police officers not having been paid, the Luttner case was instituted to collect the salaries. It is under this state of facts that the Supreme Court affirmed the judgment of the Court of Appeals, granting the judgment prayed for in the new action. We will not discuss the Luttner case further, since there are some observations in the opinion which are not supported by authority. While it may be claimed that the opinion of the Supreme Court needs no authority, certainly the observations by way of obiter dicta are not binding, and since the case in no wise suggests the overruling or disapproval of the case of Steubenville v. Culp, supra, we are content with the law as pronounced in the Culp case. This requires the affirmance of the judgment of the Municipal Court. Finding no prejudicial error in the record, the judgment is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
ROSS, P.J., and MATTHEWS, J., concur.