Opinion
2021–08894 Docket Nos. V–246–20, V–247–20
02-15-2023
In the Matter of Malgorzata DYSKO, respondent, v. Artur DYSKO, appellant.
Heath J. Goldstein, Jamaica, NY, for appellant. Rhea G. Friedman, New York, NY, for respondent. Karen P. Simmons, Brooklyn, NY (Eva D. Stein and Janet Neustaetter of counsel), attorney for the children.
Heath J. Goldstein, Jamaica, NY, for appellant.
Rhea G. Friedman, New York, NY, for respondent.
Karen P. Simmons, Brooklyn, NY (Eva D. Stein and Janet Neustaetter of counsel), attorney for the children.
MARK C. DILLON, J.P., REINALDO E. RIVERA, JOSEPH J. MALTESE, HELEN VOUTSINAS, JJ.
DECISION & ORDER In a proceeding pursuant to Family Court Act article 6, the father appeals from an order of the Supreme Court, Kings County (IDV Part) (Esther M. Morgenstern, J.), dated November 4, 2021. The order, without a hearing, granted the mother's petition for sole legal and physical custody of the parties’ children, and suspended the father's parental access with the children until he enrolled in therapy.
ORDERED that the appeal from so much of the order as suspended the father's parental access with the children until he enrolled in therapy is dismissed as academic, without costs or disbursements; and it is further,
ORDERED that the order is reversed insofar as reviewed, on the law, without costs or disbursements, and the matter is remitted to the Supreme Court, Kings County (IDV Part), to conduct a hearing and for a new determination thereafter on the mother's petition.
The father and the mother have two children in common. In February 2020, the mother filed a petition for sole legal and physical custody of the parties’ children. In an order dated November 4, 2021, the Supreme Court, without a hearing, granted the mother's petition, awarded her sole legal and physical custody of the children, and suspended the father's parental access with the children until he enrolled in therapy. The father appeals. The appeal from so much of the order as suspended the father's parental access with the children until he enrolled in therapy has been rendered academic by subsequent orders of the Supreme Court, and therefore, the appeal from that portion of the order must be dismissed (see Matter of Rigali v. Kogan, 204 A.D.3d 918, 919, 164 N.Y.S.3d 885 ; Matter of McKeever v. Sclafani, 194 A.D.3d 938, 939, 143 N.Y.S.3d 917 ).
"Custody determinations ... require a careful and comprehensive evaluation of the material facts and circumstances in order to permit the court to ascertain the optimal result for the child" ( S.L. v. J.R., 27 N.Y.3d 558, 563, 36 N.Y.S.3d 411, 56 N.E.3d 193 ). Accordingly, "custody determinations should ‘[g]enerally’ be made ‘only after a full and plenary hearing and inquiry’ " ( id. at 563, 36 N.Y.S.3d 411, 56 N.E.3d 193, quoting Obey v. Degling, 37 N.Y.2d 768, 770, 375 N.Y.S.2d 91, 337 N.E.2d 601 ; see Matter of Randall v. Diaz, 208 A.D.3d 1330, 1331, 174 N.Y.S.3d 605 ). "This general rule furthers the substantial interest, shared by the State, the children, and the parents, in ensuring that custody proceedings generate a just and enduring result that, above all else, serves the best interest of a child" ( S.L. v. J.R., 27 N.Y.3d at 563, 36 N.Y.S.3d 411, 56 N.E.3d 193 ; see Matter of Randall v. Diaz, 208 A.D.3d at 1331, 174 N.Y.S.3d 605 ). "[W]here ... facts material to the best interest analysis, and the circumstances surrounding such facts, remain in dispute, a custody hearing is required" ( S.L. v. J.R., 27 N.Y.3d at 564, 36 N.Y.S.3d 411, 56 N.E.3d 193 ; see Matter of Fouyalle v. Jackson, 187 A.D.3d 907, 908, 130 N.Y.S.3d 706 ).
Here, the Supreme Court erred in making a final custody determination without a hearing and without inquiring into the best interests of the parties’ children (see S.L. v. J.R., 27 N.Y.3d at 562, 36 N.Y.S.3d 411, 56 N.E.3d 193 ; Matter of Randall v. Diaz, 208 A.D.3d at 1331, 174 N.Y.S.3d 605 ). Moreover, the court's mere reliance upon "adequate relevant information," as opposed to admissible evidence, was improper ( S.L. v. J.R., 27 N.Y.3d at 564, 36 N.Y.S.3d 411, 56 N.E.3d 193 ; see Matter of Fouyalle v. Jackson, 187 A.D.3d at 908, 130 N.Y.S.3d 706 ).
Accordingly, the matter must be remitted to the Supreme Court, Kings County (IDV Part), to conduct a hearing and for a new determination thereafter on the mother's petition.
DILLON, J.P., RIVERA, MALTESE and VOUTSINAS, JJ., concur.