Opinion
March 9, 1992
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Nassau County (O'Shaughnessy, J.).
Ordered that the orders are affirmed, with costs.
The plaintiff bank instituted two mortgage foreclosure actions, the instant action and a companion action (see, Dollar Dry Dock Bank v Piping Rock Contr. Corp., 181 A.D.2d 711 [decided herewith]). In the instant action, the plaintiff bank seeks a judgment of foreclosure against the appellants with regard to three parcels of real property in Nassau County and one parcel in Suffolk County. In the companion action, the plaintiff bank seeks a judgment of foreclosure with regard to a fifth parcel in Nassau County.
The defendant Irving W. Meltzer was a guarantor of the mortgages on all five parcels. He and his wife owned a sixth parcel (their residence) in Nassau County. According to the plaintiff bank, Meltzer fraudulently conveyed his interest in this sixth parcel to his wife for less than fair consideration in order to put it beyond the reach of the plaintiff bank. The bank, in another action, seeks to set aside this allegedly fraudulent conveyance.
The appellants moved to dismiss the complaints in both foreclosure actions on the ground that RPAPL 1301 bars the maintenance of a foreclosure action while an action to recover any part of the mortgage debt is still pending.
RPAPL 1301 (1) provides that when "final judgment for the plaintiff has been rendered in an action to recover any part of the mortgage debt, an action shall not be commenced or maintained to foreclose the mortgage, unless an execution against the property of the defendant has been issued upon the judgment to the sheriff * * * and has been returned wholly or partly unsatisfied". RPAPL 1301 (3) further provides that "[w]hile [a foreclosure] action is pending or after final judgment for the plaintiff therein, no other action shall be commenced or maintained to recover any part of the mortgage debt, without leave of the court in which the former action was brought" (emphasis added).
The appellants' contentions to the contrary notwithstanding, an action to set aside a fraudulent conveyance is not "an action to recover any part of the mortgage debt" (RPAPL 1301). The two actions involve different questions of law and fact and, ultimately, different remedies (i.e., money damages in one and reconveyance of the property in the other). Furthermore, the purpose of RPAPL 1301 is to avoid multiple suits to recover the same mortgage debt and confine the proceedings to collect the mortgage debt to one court and one action (see, Brandenberg v Tirino, 66 Misc.2d 193, affd 37 A.D.2d 713; Irving Trust Co. v Seltzer, 265 App. Div. 696). The purpose of this statute is not disserved by the commencement of a foreclosure action after the commencement of an action to set aside a conveyance of real property (see, Citibank [Mid-Hudson] v Rohdie, 82 Misc.2d 372), especially when, as here, the subject matter of the fraudulent conveyance action is a different parcel than those that are the subject matter of the foreclosure action. Moreover, RPAPL 1301 should be strictly construed since it is in derogation of a plaintiff's common-law right to pursue the alternate remedies of foreclosure and recovery of the mortgage debt at the same time (see, D'Agostino v Wheel Inn, 65 Misc.2d 227, 231; McKinney's Cons Laws of NY, Book 1, Statutes § 301).
Finally, venue in Nassau County is proper since three out of the four parcels which are the subject matter of the instant foreclosure action are located in that county (see, CPLR 507). Thompson, J.P., Rosenblatt, Miller and Copertino, JJ., concur.