Opinion
September 16, 1991
Appeal from the Supreme Court, Westchester County (Zeck, J.H.O.).
Ordered that the judgment is affirmed, with costs.
It is well settled that the judgment of a court, rendered after a nonjury trial, should not be disturbed on appeal unless its determination could not have been reached under any fair interpretation of the evidence (see, Alleva v. Alleva Dairy, 129 A.D.2d 663). This is especially so where the court's determination rests largely upon its assessment of the credibility of witnesses (see, Matter of Poggemeyer, 87 A.D.2d 822) which it has heard and seen first hand (see, Altman v. Wallach, 104 A.D.2d 391). In this case, we find that the evidence supported the court's conclusions that the plaintiff had yielded supervisory control of his laborers to the defendant James Messenger, and that accordingly, the appellants were not justified in terminating the parties' oral construction contract based upon the laborers' alleged negligent performance.
For the same reason, the court correctly dismissed the appellants' counterclaims for the costs of alleged remedial repairs undertaken by them. At the trial, a preponderance of evidence established that the plaintiff general contractor supplied labor and materials under an oral agreement pursuant to which the defendant James Messenger, himself a plumbing contractor, was to supervise the renovation of the Messenger home. While the appellants demonstrated that the workmanship of the plaintiff's laborers was less than satisfactory, the evidence further established that James Messenger supervised the project on a daily basis and possessed the authority to discharge any laborer with whom he was dissatisfied. As the plaintiff had surrendered control of his workers to James Messenger, who alone controlled their employment and the manner in which they performed their duties, the laborers became the special employees of him, who thus assumed liability for the employees' conduct (see, Ramsey v. New York Cent. R.R. Co., 269 N.Y. 219; Cameli v Pace Univ., 131 A.D.2d 419; Brooks v. Chemical Leaman Tank Lines, 71 A.D.2d 405). Under such circumstances, the general employer, in this case the plaintiff, is not liable for the negligent performance of the contract by the special employees of the defendant James Messenger (see, Irwin v. Klein, 271 N.Y. 477; Van Gorder v. Eastchester Estates, 207 Misc. 335). Therefore, the appellants' counterclaims were properly dismissed.
We have reviewed the appellants' remaining contentions and find them to be without merit. Thompson, J.P., Kunzeman, Miller and Ritter, JJ., concur.