Summary
In Delano v. Columbia M. Works M. Iron Co. (179 App. Div. 153; affd., on opinion below, 226 N.Y. 660), where the contract of employment was for one year, provided the services to be rendered were satisfactory to the defendant, the court said: "The court improperly charged the jury that `the burden is upon the defendant to justify his, plaintiff's, discharge, and to show that the services were in fact unsatisfactory.' There was no other charge on the burden of proof.
Summary of this case from Burns v. LipsonOpinion
July 13, 1917.
Wallace R. Foster, for the appellant.
Louis J. Vorhaus, for the respondent.
The contract was dated July 17, 1915, and plaintiff immediately went to work. He was not discharged until November. It appears that plaintiff was an inventor and an automobile expert and mechanic and that he had obtained a patent for a certain device for starting, lighting and ignition systems on automobiles. His employment was in connection with the manufacture of such devices. Shortly after the employment the defendant became interested in the munitions business and lost its interest in the ignition proposition. Nothing was done to develop the plaintiff's patent and the work on the models was stripped of workmen in order to turn out materials for shrapnel shells. In November, according to plaintiff, the defendant's president told him that the defendant was so busy with the munitions business that it was not going to take up the development of his patent and that, accordingly, he had no further use for plaintiff's services and he was discharged. According to defendant, plaintiff was discharged because he had been coming to business too late in the morning and leaving too early in the afternoon, and because he without permission took certain models away from the plant and his services were unsatisfactory. This was peculiarly a case for applying the rule, settled in this court, that while the employer has an absolute right to discharge the employee for dissatisfaction, upon such conflicting evidence, as above outlined, and the inferences that may be drawn therefrom, a question of fact is presented to the court as to whether the dissatisfaction was genuine or feigned. ( Beck v. Only Skirt Co., 176 App. Div. 867; Diamond v. Mendelsohn, 156 id. 636. See, also, Zahler v. Mann, 97 Misc. Rep. 19.) The appellant's main exception is to the court's refusal to dismiss the complaint on the-theory that the right to discharge was arbitrary and no question of whether the reason assigned was genuine or not should have been submitted to the jury. But upon the authorities referred to, the genuineness of the alleged dissatisfaction was a question of fact.
The court improperly charged the jury that "the burden is upon the defendant to justify his, plaintiff's, discharge, and to show that the services were in fact unsatisfactory." There was no other charge on the burden of proof. In such a case, upon proof of a valid contract and discharge the burden is undoubtedly on the defendant of coming forward with evidence that the employee was discharged because of dissatisfaction, and it is true that such dissatisfaction must be genuine, but the burden of proof on the whole case is on the plaintiff and he must show that the claim of dissatisfaction was feigned and not genuine. The trouble with the defendant's exception is that it was in no manner directed to the instruction as to the burden of proof. The language of the exception is: "I take an exception to that part of your Honor's charge in which you charged on that subject, in which you stated that in order to justify the defendant's discharging this man the service must be really unsatisfactory to the defendant."
The judgment and order should be affirmed, with costs.
SMITH and PAGE, JJ., concurred; SCOTT and DOWLING, JJ., dissented.
Judgment and order affirmed, with costs.