Summary
In Commonwealth v. Martin, 442 Pa. 41, 272 A.2d 169, the Court said (page 44): "Appellant's second contention is that the Court erred in placing upon him the burden of proving that his plea was not voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently made.
Summary of this case from Commonwealth v. MorozOpinion
Submitted September 28, 1970.
January 7, 1971.
Criminal Law — Practice — Plea — Guilty — Acceptance without on-the-record examination — Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238 — Prospective application only — Commonwealth v. Godfrey, 434 Pa. 532 — Burden of proof that plea was not voluntarily, knowingly and intentionally made.
1. Commonwealth v. Godfrey, 434 Pa. 532 (which holds that Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238, is to be applied prospectively only) reaffirmed, in absence of a contrary or clarifying and controlling decision by the Supreme Court of the United States. [44]
2. The fact that the trial judge in accepting a plea of guilty prior to the decision in Boykin v. Alabama failed to indicate on the record sufficient facts from which it could be established that defendant's plea was intelligently, knowingly, and voluntarily made cannot serve as the basis for vitiating defendant's guilty pleas. [44]
3. Where a defendant entered a plea of guilty in a case tried before the decision in Commonwealth ex rel. West v. Rundle, 428 Pa. 102, and the record is silent as to what transpired when he entered his plea, the burden is upon him in a collateral proceeding to prove that his plea was not voluntarily, knowingly and intelligently made. [44]
Mr. Justice COHEN took no part in the decision of this case.
Before BELL, C. J., JONES, COHEN, EAGEN, O'BRIEN, ROBERTS and POMEROY, JJ.
Appeal, No. 35, March T., 1970, from judgment of sentence of Court of Common Pleas of Mercer County, Sept. T., 1952, No. 81, in case of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. John Martin. Judgment of sentence affirmed; reargument refused March 25, 1971.
Petition for post-conviction relief. Before ACKER, J.
Petitioner granted right to appeal nunc pro tunc; petition denied as to other requested relief. Petitioner appealed.
William J. Joyce, William G. McConnell, and Cusick, Madden, Joyce McKay, for appellant.
Robert F. Banks, Assistant District Attorney, for Commonwealth, appellee.
In 1952, appellant, John Martin, was convicted of first degree murder by a jury, which fixed the penalty at death. He was represented by two very competent attorneys, B. H. Marks and Hiram M. Drake. Marks and Drake are now dead. Defendant appealed to this Court and we granted a new trial because he was not permitted to poll the jury. Commonwealth v. Martin, 379 Pa. 587, 109 A.2d 325. At his arraignment on remand, on June 13, 1955, defendant, while still represented by Marks and Drake, pleaded guilty generally to the murder for which he was indicted, and he was sentenced to life imprisonment. There was no on-the-record inquiry to show the voluntariness of his plea or his awareness of its consequences, as required by Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S. 238. See also, Commonwealth ex rel. West v. Rundle, 428 Pa. 102, 237 A.2d 196. No post-trial motions were filed and no appeal was taken.
On December 29, 1964, defendant-appellant filed a petition in forma pauperis, without counsel, for a writ of habeas corpus. This was denied without a hearing by the Mercer County Court of Common Pleas and no appeal was taken.
Seventeen years after the murder and fourteen years after his guilty plea, appellant, on July 23, 1969, while represented by the Public Defender, filed a Post Conviction Hearing Act petition alleging that there was introduced into evidence a statement made by him in the absence of counsel at a time when representation was Constitutionally required; that there was a violation of his Constitutional privilege against self-incrimination that his plea of guilty was unlawfully induced; and that there was obstruction by State officials of his right of appeal. An amended petition filed by his counsel on May 28, 1969, alleged that defendant's guilty plea was unlawfully induced; that the plea was not made voluntarily; that the plea was not made after proper advice; and that the plea was not made with any understanding of its possible consequences. After a hearing, the petition was denied by the hearing Judge, but appellant was granted the right to appeal the judgment of sentence. We treat this both as an appeal from the Order of the lower Court denying relief of his Post Conviction Hearing Act petition and an appeal nunc pro tunc from the 1955 judgment of sentence of murder.
Most of appellant's contentions asserted in the Post Conviction Hearing proceeding below are not being raised on this appeal.
Appellant first urges that we reconsider Commonwealth v. Godfrey, 434 Pa. 532, 254 A.2d 923, which held that Boykin v. Alabama, 395 U.S., supra, was to be applied prospectively only. In Godfrey, this Court very carefully considered the question of retroactivity and, in the absence of a contrary or clarifying and controlling decision by the Supreme Court of the United States, we decline to change or overrule it. Therefore, although the trial Judge in 1.955 failed to indicate on the record sufficient facts from which it could be established that defendant's plea was intelligently, knowingly, and voluntarily made, this was not then Constitutionally required and cannot now serve as the basis for vitiating defendant's guilty plea.
Appellant's second contention is that the Court erred in placing upon him the burden of proving that his plea was not voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently made. In Commonwealth v. McBride, 440 Pa. 81, 269 A.2d 737, and in Commonwealth v. Knowles, 440 Pa. 84, 269 A.2d 739, we held that a defendant whose guilty plea was made before our decision in Commonwealth ex rel. West v. Rundle, 428 Pa., supra, has the burden of proving this contention. Moreover, irrespective of who has the burden of proof, our examination of the record convinces us that the Post Conviction Hearing Act Judge correctly concluded that appellant's guilty plea was voluntarily, knowingly, and intelligently made.
We find no merit in any of appellant's contentions.
Judgment of sentence affirmed.
Mr. Justice COHEN took no part in the decision of this case.