Opinion
November 27, 1972.
March 16, 1973.
Appeals — Review — No record kept at murder trial — Remand for new hearing because of inability to determine on appeal voluntariness of confession — Nonapplicability of Miranda not material.
1. On appeal by defendant, nunc pro tunc, following conviction of murder in the first degree and judgment of sentence, in which it appeared that plaintiff contended that his confession was involuntary; and that no record was kept at his murder trial; it was Held that the case should be remanded to the trial court for a new hearing on the question of the voluntariness of defendant's confession.
2. It was Held that the fact that Miranda did not apply to the confession in the instant case made no difference, since under the applicable law defendant would be entitled to a new trial if his confession should not have been admitted because it was not voluntary.
Mr. Justice ROBERTS joined in the opinion.
Mr. Justice POMEROY concurred in the result.
Argued November 27, 1972. Before JONES, C. J., EAGEN, O'BRIEN, ROBERTS, POMEROY, NIX and MANDERINO, JJ.
Appeal, No. 337, Jan. T., 1972, from judgment of sentence of Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County, April T., 1930, No. 243, in case of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Robert C. Jones. Case remanded for hearing on voluntariness of confession.
Proceeding under Post Conviction Hearing Act.
Order entered permitting defendant to appeal nunc pro tunc from judgment of sentence entered after verdict of guilty of murder in first degree. Defendant appealed.
Michael J. Perezous, with him Xakellis, Perezous Mongiovi, for appellant.
George T. Brubaker, Assistant District Attorney, with him Henry J. Rutherford, District Attorney, for Commonwealth, appellee.
Appellant was tried and convicted before a jury of murder in the first degree; a life sentence was imposed on September 13, 1930. This sentence was commuted to a term of twenty-one years, eleven months, on July 24, 1952, and appellant was paroled. On June 13, 1969, after several parole violations, he was resentenced to life imprisonment.
No post-trial motions were filed nor was any appeal taken from the judgment of sentence of life imprisonment. In 1966, in a habeas corpus petition, appellant alleged the involuntariness of his confession and the lack of counsel at his preliminary hearing. His petition was dismissed without a hearing by order of the Lancaster County Court. His appeal from that order was discontinued on January 4, 1967. Appellant then, in April of 1967, filed a petition under the Post Conviction Hearing Act, alleging that he was not advised of his right to appeal his murder conviction. This petition was refused. On December 29, 1971, we remanded this case for a determination by the court below as to whether appellant had waived his Douglas rights.
The court below, in an order dated February 15, 1972, granted appellant the right to appeal, nunc pro tunc, to this Court. The order stated that due to the failure of the Commonwealth to transcribe the testimony of appellant's murder trial and the death of all parties having knowledge of the appellant's trial, a Douglas hearing would be a fruitless act.
On his appeal, appellant now raises the issue of whether his confession was voluntary. However, there is no record before us to determine voluntariness of the confession, since no record was kept at his murder trial. In Commonwealth v. DeSimone, 447 Pa. 380, 385, 290 A.2d 93 (1972), we stated: ". . . when the defendant has been deprived of his Douglas rights, he is consequently entitled to an appeal, and a transcript or other equivalent picture, like the assistance of counsel, is essential to the exercise of his right to appellate review." See also Commonwealth v. Norman, 447 Pa. 515, 291 A.2d 112 (1972).
Since there is no adequate picture of the facts surrounding his confession, appellant will be denied the exercise of his right to appellate review of the trial court's decision on the admissibility of that confession unless we remand this case for a new hearing on that question.
The Commonwealth argues that Commonwealth v. DeSimone, supra, and Commonwealth v. Norman, supra, are inapplicable, since in those cases the defendants alleged that they were denied their Douglas rights because of ineffective counsel. However, in the instant case, a court has already held that appellant was denied his Douglas rights. It was for that reason that this appeal nunc pro tunc was allowed. The fact that Miranda does not apply to the confession herein challenged makes no difference. Under the law applicable to this case, appellant would be entitled to a new trial if his confession should not have been admitted because it was not voluntary. Com. ex rel. Butler v. Rundle, 416 Pa. 321, 206 A.2d 283 (1965).
Case remanded to the Court of Common Pleas of Lancaster County for a hearing on the voluntariness of appellant's confession.
Mr. Justice ROBERTS joins in this opinion for the reasons stated therein and for the reasons expressed in his dissenting opinion in Commonwealth v. Banks, 428 Pa. 571, 237 A.2d 339, cert. denied, 393 U.S. 895, 89 S.Ct. 156 (1968).
Mr. Justice POMEROY concurs in the result.