Opinion
No. 94-P-1724.
October 19, 1995.
January 16, 1996.
Present: DREBEN, PORADA, GREENBERG, JJ.
Practice, Criminal, Dismissal, Conduct of prosecutor, Waiver.
A District Court judge incorrectly dismissed criminal complaints with prejudice upon ascertaining that a prosecutor had discussed each case with each defendant without the defendant having filed a written waiver of counsel pursuant to Supreme Judicial Court Rule 3:10, § 2, where the judge made no findings with respect to the lack of waivers or with respect to any prejudice any defendant had suffered as a result of those discussions. [604-605]
COMPLAINTS received and sworn to in the Westborough Division of the District Court Department, one on August 26, 1992, one on March 16, 1994, one on April 6, 1994, one on April 21, 1994, and three on May 16, 1994.
The complaints were ordered dismissed by Dennis J. Brennan, J.
The case was submitted on brief.
Sandra L. Hautanen, Assistant District Attorney, for the Commonwealth.
This is an appeal by the Commonwealth from the dismissal with prejudice by a District Court judge of the defendants' cases on the ground that the prosecutor had entered into plea negotiations directly with the pro se defendants without a written waiver of counsel form having been filed with the court as required by Supreme Judicial Court Rule 3:08, PF 8. We reverse.
Supreme Judicial Court Rule 3:08, PF 8(a), as appearing in 382 Mass. 801 (1981), provides: "It is unprofessional conduct for a prosecutor to engage in plea discussions directly with an accused before the accused has a reasonable opportunity to obtain counsel, or to engage in such discussions with an accused who is represented by counsel except with that counsel's approval. If the accused has elected to proceed without counsel and a form established by S.J.C. Rule 1:01A or Mass. R. Crim. P. 8 has been duly filed, the prosecutor may properly discuss disposition of the charges directly with the accused. The prosecutor would be well advised, however, to request that a lawyer be designated by the court or some appropriate central agency, such as a legal aid or defender office or bar association, to be present at such discussions."
The law is well settled that dismissal with prejudice is appropriate in cases of egregious prosecutorial misconduct or upon a showing of prejudice or substantial threat thereof. Commonwealth v. Hernandez, 421 Mass. 272, 277 (1995). Commonwealth v. Perrot, 38 Mass. App. Ct. 478, 481 (1995). There was no such showing in the present case. Here, the judge sitting in a pretrial session simply dismissed each case when it was called after he ascertained that the defendant had discussed his or her case with a prosecutor and no written waiver of counsel by the defendant had been filed. The judge made no findings that the defendants had not waived counsel or suffered any prejudice as a result of their discussions with the prosecutor. Absent any such findings, the sanction of dismissal with prejudice was not warranted. Commonwealth v. Hernandez, 421 Mass. at 278-279.
The record indicates that five of the defendants had indicated their intention to represent themselves, and the prosecutor represented that the remaining two had also done so.
While a judge should zealously guard a defendant's legal right to representation, the judge's zeal in this case was misguided. The primary responsibility for insuring that a written waiver of counsel form has been executed and filed lies with the court. Supreme Judicial Court Rule 3:10, § 2, as appearing in 397 Mass. 1217 (1986). While rule 3:10, § 2, does not excuse the prosecutor's responsibility in ascertaining that the waiver has been filed before talking to a defendant, reliance upon this rule could well account for the prosecutor's conduct in this case. Needless to say, adherence to these rules will avoid the repetition of this sort of incident.
Judgments of dismissal are reversed, and the cases are to stand for further proceedings.