Opinion
April 9, 1951.
May 18, 1951.
Criminal law — Practice — Discharge of defendant after disagreement of jury — Insufficiency of evidence — Power of court — Scope of motion to discharge defendant — Second trial for same offense — Right of Commonwealth to appeal — Acts of April 20, 1911, P. L. 70 and June 5, 1937, P. L. 1703.
1. There is no authority for a trial court in a criminal case in which the jury has been discharged to grant a defendant's motion for discharge on the ground that the evidence was insufficient to convict.
2. The Act of April 20, 1911, P. L. 70, § 1 (which relates to judgment on a request for binding instructions after disagreement of a jury) has not been extended to criminal prosecutions.
3. The scope of a motion to discharge the defendant is restricted to that of a motion in arrest of judgment.
4. A motion in arrest of judgment will be granted only for causes appearing upon the face of the record, which consists of the indictment, the plea and issue and verdict.
5. The Act of June 5, 1937, P. L. 1703, § 1, has no bearing upon a defendant's motion for discharge.
6. Where the jury has been discharged after its failure to agree on a verdict, there may be a second trial of the defendant for the same offense.
7. The Commonwealth has the right to appeal from an order granting a defendant's motion for discharge after the jury has failed to agree.
Before RHODES, P.J., HIRT, RENO, DITHRICH, ROSS, ARNOLD and GUNTHER, JJ.
Appeal, No. 24, April T., 1951, from order of Court of Quarter Sessions of Greene County, Dec. T., 1948, No. 30, in case of Commonwealth of Pennsylvania v. Charles L. Samuel, Ralph Hice and Roxie Christopher. Order reversed.
Indictments charging defendants and others in two counts with (1) obtaining money by false pretenses and (2) conspiracy to defraud. Before HOOK, P.J.
Demurrer sustained only as to second count of indictment; disagreement by jury as to verdict on other count; order entered granting motion of defendant for discharge. Commonwealth appealed.
W.T. Thompson, with him W. Bertram Waychoff, District Attorney, and Montgomery, Thompson and Baily, for appellant.
Wade K. Newell, with him William H. Sayers, for appellees.
Argued April 9, 1951.
This is an appeal by the Commonwealth from an order of the Court of Quarter Sessions of Greene County granting a defendant's motion for discharge after the jury had failed to agree. The ruling being against the Commonwealth on a pure question of law, it has the right to appeal ( Com. v. Bienkowski, 137 Pa. Super. 474, 478, 9 A.2d 169), and the order will be reviewed by us on this appeal.
The defendant Roxie Christopher was indicted with Charles J. Samuel and Ralph Hice (1) for obtaining money under false pretenses, and (2) for conspiracy to defraud. When the case was called for trial the defendant Charles J. Samuel failed to appear. The jury found the defendant Ralph Hice not guilty on the count charging false pretense, and as to the defendant Roxie Christopher the jury was unable to agree on a verdict. A demurrer to the Commonwealth's evidence had been sustained by the trial judge as to the second count in the bill of indictment, but the demurrer was overruled as to the first count.
After the jury had been discharged, the defendant Roxie Christopher presented a motion for her discharge which the court granted. The reason given by the court below for discharging the defendant was that the evidence was insufficient to convict, and that the jury should have been so instructed or the demurrer should have been sustained as to both counts in the bill of indictment.
The jury having been discharged after their failure to agree on a verdict, there may be a second trial of the defendant for the same offense. See Com. v. Kent, 355 Pa. 146, 147, 49 A.2d 388; McCreary v. Commonwealth, 29 Pa. 323. In that event the trial court may have an opportunity to act, as the circumstances require, in conformity with established procedure in criminal cases.
"In Thompson v. United States [ 155 U.S. 271], 274, the United States Supreme Court said: `. . . courts of justice are invested with the authority to discharge a jury from giving any verdict, whenever in their opinion, taking all the circumstances into consideration, there is a manifest necessity for the act, or the ends of public justice would otherwise be defeated, and to order a trial by another jury; . . .'": Com. v. Almeida, 362 Pa. 596, 637, 68 A.2d 595, 615.
There is no authority for a trial court to enter judgment contrary to the verdict of a jury in a criminal case. The procedure relating to the entry of judgment non obstante veredicto is not applicable to criminal prosecutions. Com. v. Heller, 147 Pa. Super. 68, 24 A.2d 460. If the trial court concludes that error has been committed in refusing to direct a verdict for a defendant, the remedy, after a verdict of guilty, is to grant a new trial. Com. v. Haimbach, 151 Pa. Super. 581, 584, 30 A.2d 653. And likewise there is no authority where the jury has been discharged after it has been unable to agree on a verdict to grant a defendant's motion for discharge. The Act of April 20, 1911, P. L. 70, § 1, 12 Pa.C.S.A. § 684, relating to a judgment on a request for binding instructions, after a disagreement of a jury, has not been extended to criminal prosecutions. In Com. v. Haimbach, supra, 151 Pa. Super. 581, 30 A.2d 653, defendant having withdrawn his motion for a new trial, we said the scope of a motion to discharge the defendant was restricted to that of a motion in arrest of judgment. A motion in arrest of judgment will be granted only for causes appearing upon the face of the record, which consists of the indictment, the plea and issue and verdict, and the insufficiency of the evidence gives no support to such a motion. Com. v. Long, 131 Pa. Super. 28, 198 A. 474. Likewise, the Act of June 5, 1937, P. L. 1703, No. 357, § 1, 19 P. S. § 481, has no bearing upon defendant's motion for discharge. See Com. v. Heller, supra, 147 Pa. Super. 68, 24 A.2d 460.
The order of the court below discharging defendant is reversed.