Opinion
No. 12AP-816 Ct. of Cl. No. 2012-05428
09-05-2013
William Coffman, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. Department of Rehabilitation and Correction, Defendant-Appellee.
William Coffman, pro se. Michael DeWine, Attorney General, and Kristin S. Boggs, for appellee.
(REGULAR CALENDAR)
DECISION
William Coffman, pro se.
Michael DeWine, Attorney General, and Kristin S. Boggs, for appellee.
APPEAL from the Court of Claims of Ohio
TYACK, J.
{¶ 1} William Coffman is appealing the dismissal of his lawsuit against the Ohio Department of Rehabilitation and Correction ("ODRC"). He assigns two errors for our consideration:
[I.] The Trial Court Abused Its Discretion Dismissing Plaintiff's Complaint Where The Law Clearly has been established That Plaintiff's Claims are To Be Tried To A Jury.
[II.] The Court of Claims Abused Its Discretion By Ruling That Appellant Did Not State [a claim] Upon Which Relief Could Be Sought.
{¶ 2} Coffman's first assignment of error has no merit. The mere attaching of a demand for a jury trial to a complaint does not preclude the dismissal of the complaint, either through invocation of Civ.R. 12(B)(6) or through the mechanism of summary judgment.
{¶ 3} The first assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 4} The second assignment of error requires more analysis.
{¶ 5} The standard for dismissing a case under Civ.R. 12(B)(6) is high. Dismissal is appropriate only when a plaintiff can prove no set of facts in support of his or her claim which would entitle him or her to relief. See O'Brien v. Univ. Community Tenants Union, Inc., 42 Ohio St.2d 242 (1975). In addressing a motion to dismiss under Civ.R. 12(B)(6), the nonmoving party is entitled to the presumption that all factual allegations made in the complaint are true and all reasonable inferences to be drawn from those allegations are to be made in favor of the nonmoving party.
{¶ 6} The remaining issue, then, is whether Coffman sufficiently alleged a claim for negligent infliction of serious emotional distress or intentional infliction of emotional distress.
{¶ 7} Coffman alleged that he is suffering from compensable emotional distress because he is being forced to live in a building or buildings at CCI which contains asbestos. He does not claim to be suffering from asbestosis or from any other disease which can result from exposure to asbestos. However, he claims to being housed in the "most toxic dorms" at CCI based upon a study of the presence of asbestos at CCI. He also claims that, due to his prolonged incarceration at CCI, he has had prolonged exposure to asbestos and "suffers from CANCERPHOBIA," presumably meaning a fear of getting cancer. Complaint, at 3.
{¶ 8} Coffman alleges several cogent facts about how he and other inmates are exposed to asbestos particles, especially from the areas surrounding the aging windows at CCI. He fears developing some sort of disease as a result of his exposure to asbestos is not irrational. The spiky particles of asbestos lodge in the lungs and the human body has no means of removing the particles once they have been inhaled. See Ins. Co. of N. Am. v. Forty-Eight Insulations, Inc., 633 F.2d 1212, 1214 (6th Cir.1980) ("The problem is that tiny asbestos particles can become airborne * * * when old buildings containing asbestos are demolished. When these asbestos particles become airborne, a number of them are inhaled by persons in the area. The asbestos particles are deposited in the lungs."). As older buildings deteriorate friable asbestos particles are released into the atmosphere if the buildings were insulated through the use of asbestos. See Abramovsky, Asbestos and Overcriminalization: A Pro-Compliance Solution, 18 Fordham Envtl.L.Rev. 67, 72 (2006) ("Given that asbestos often degrades from a nonfriable to a friable state through age, older buildings with asbestos insulation frequently pose a significant health risk to the people who live and work in them."); Ins. Co. of N. Am. at 1214.
{¶ 9} According to Coffman's complaint, the buildings at CCI were originally part of a federal penal complex. The state of Ohio received the buildings from the federal government and has been attempting to address the asbestos problem at CCI since the 1990s.
{¶ 10} The issue in this lawsuit becomes whether an inmate who has been exposed to asbestos particles in the past as a result of his incarceration in old and deteriorating buildings and who continues to be exposed to asbestos particles as a result of his ongoing incarceration in such buildings can recover from the state of Ohio before he develops full blown asbestosis or mesothelioma. Based on what is currently known medically, Coffman and other inmates like him may have suffered harm to their lungs. Ins. Co. of N. Am. at 1214 ("If, over the years, enough asbestos particles are inhaled, they can cause a variety of pulmonary diseases. Medical science is not certain exactly how these diseases develop, but there is universal agreement that excessive inhalation of asbestos can and does result in disease. These asbestos-caused diseases include mesothelioma, broncheogenic carcinoma (lung cancer), and asbestosis."). Coffman and other inmates like him are not at liberty to just leave jail.
{¶ 11} These facts, however, do not establish a claim for negligent or intentional infliction of emotional distress.
{¶ 12} A claim for negligent infliction of emotional distress requires the alleging of distress which is both severe and debilitating. See the syllabus for Paugh v. Hanks, 6 Ohio St.3d 72 (1983). The complaint filed by Coffman mentions "CANCERPHOBIA" as resulting from his perceived exposure to asbestos particles, but does not allege that his fear of getting cancer is either severe or debilitating. Virtually everyone has some greater or lesser fear of getting cancer, but the fear does not so disrupt the person's life as to be the basis for negligent infliction of emotional distress.
{¶ 13} Coffman has not pled the harm required for a claim for negligent infliction of serious emotional distress.
{¶ 14} The necessary allegations for a claim for intentional infliction of emotional distress, per our prior case of Aycox v. Columbus Bd. of Edn., 10th Dist. No. 03AP-1285, 2005-Ohio-69, include:
(1) the defendant intended to cause emotional distress or knew or should have known that actions taken would result in severe emotional distress; (2) the defendant's conduct was so extreme and outrageous that it went beyond all bounds of decency, and was such as to be considered utterly intolerable in a civilized community; (3) the defendant's actions proximately caused plaintiff's psychic suffering; and (4) the plaintiff suffered serious mental anguish of a nature that no reasonable man could be expected to endure.
{¶ 15} In his complaint, Coffman notes that courts have held that an increased fear of cancer could be compensable if an asbestosis affected person is aware that he, in fact, possesses an increased statistical likelihood of developing cancer, and from this knowledge, springs a reasonable apprehension which manifests itself as emotional distress. However, the complaint filed on behalf of Coffman fails to allege a number of required elements of emotional distress, but especially the second element requiring ODRC to have acted in an extreme and outrageous manner and the fourth element of serious emotional anguish.
{¶ 16} In short, Coffman's complaint does not allege what is required for a viable claim for negligent infliction of emotional distress or intentional infliction of emotional distress. The Court of Claims was correct to sustain the Ohio Attorney General's motion to dismiss under Civ.R. 12(B)(6). The second assignment of error is overruled.
{¶ 17} As a result of the above, the first and second assignments of error are overruled. The judgment of the Court of Claims of Ohio is affirmed.
Judgment affirmed.
SADLER and O'GRADY, JJ., concur.
See Slane v. MetaMateria Partners, L.L.C., 176 Ohio App.3d 459, 2008-Ohio-2426 (10th Dist.) citing Lavelle v. Owens-Corning Fiberglas Corp., 30 Ohio Misc.2d 11, 14 (1987) (An increased fear of cancer may be compensable if an asbestosis afflicted individual is aware that he, in fact: (1) possesses an increased statistical likelihood of developing cancer; and (2) from this knowledge, springs a reasonable apprehension which manifests itself as emotional distress).