Summary
noting that the question of standing was "necessarily decided by [the judge] when he granted [the plaintiff's] motion to compel arbitration and authorized [the plaintiff] to appoint an arbitrator"
Summary of this case from Andrea Doreen v. Building Material Local Union 282Opinion
No. 80 Civ. 5013 (CBM).
December 15, 1980.
Milgrim, Thomajan, Jacobs Lee, P. C. by Leo G. Kailas, Davis P. Langlois, New York City, for petitioner.
Albert, Pastore Ward, P. C. by Robert C. Mirone, New York City, for respondents.
MEMORANDUM OPINION
Petitioner, Cobec Brazilian Trading and Warehousing Corporation of the United States (Cobec), moves pursuant to 9 U.S.C. § 9 for confirmation of an arbitration award and entry of judgment thereon against respondents, Henning Isbrandtsen, Jacob Isbrandtsen and/or H. J. Isbrandtsen, Ltd. (Isbrandtsen). Respondents cross-move under §§ 10(c) and (d) to vacate the award on the grounds that the arbitrators (1) were guilty of misconduct in refusing to hear pertinent and material evidence; (2) engaged in other misbehavior prejudicial to the rights of Isbrandtsen; and (3) exceeded or so imperfectly executed their powers that a mutual, final and definite award was not made. For the reasons discussed below, the court holds that petitioner is entitled to have its award confirmed and judgment entered thereon.
On July 20, 1979, Cobec commenced a proceeding in this court before Judge Sofaer to compel Isbrandtsen to proceed to arbitration pursuant to an arbitration clause contained in an alleged charter party. Isbrandtsen opposed the motion, claiming that no final agreement was reached because Isbrandtsen never accepted certain details, Cobec's acceptance was untimely and Cobec initially did not reveal that its principal was an agency of the Egyptian government. Judge Sofaer rejected Isbrandtsen's arguments and entered an order on January 4, 1980, which granted Cobec's motion to compel arbitration and directed the parties to nominate arbitrators. The panel of arbitrators held a hearing on March 19, 1980, and received evidence and memoranda from both parties. On August 25, 1980, the arbitrators awarded Cobec $48,751.33, including interest and costs of arbitration.
Isbrandtsen contends that the arbitrators' award must be vacated because the panel neglected to hear and pass on the issues of whether Cobec had standing to arbitrate and whether Cobec suffered damages since it acted only as an agent. The court does not agree. The issue of whether a party is entitled to enforce an arbitration agreement is a question for the court and not for the arbitrators. Philippine Bulk Shipping, Inc. v. International Minerals and Chemical Corp., 376 F. Supp. 654, 656 (S.D.N.Y. 1973); A/S Ganger Rolf v. Zeeland Transportation, Ltd., 191 F. Supp. 359, 363 (S.D.N.Y. 1961). Any challenge to Cobec's standing to arbitrate should have been raised by Isbrandtsen when Cobec moved to compel arbitration, since such a claim is encompassed within the statutory issue of "making of the arbitration agreement," and not upon the motion to confirm the arbitration award. See Philippine Bulk Shipping, Inc., supra at 656. The question of Cobec's standing to arbitrate was necessarily decided by Judge Sofaer when he granted Cobec's motion to compel arbitration and authorized Cobec to appoint an arbitrator.
This holding is not inconsistent with the decision in A/S Ganger Rolf v. Zeeland Transportation, Ltd., supra, as Isbrandtsen suggests. That case merely held that a court might consider the question of whether a party was bound by an arbitration clause in a proceeding to enforce an award when this was the only route that accorded with the terms of the arbitration agreement. In A/S Ganger Rolf the court declined to rule on whether the respondent should be compelled to arbitrate since the arbitration clause specifically provided for a procedure which the petitioner should follow upon the respondent's refusal to arbitrate, pursuant to which recourse to the courts was at that point premature.
That decision is inapposite here since in the case before this court Judge Sofaer did consider Cobec's motion to compel arbitration and Isbrandtsen had an opportunity to contest Cobec's standing at that proceeding. Therefore, the arbitrators acted within the scope of their authority in entering an award in favor of Cobec without ruling on the question of Cobec's standing to arbitrate.
The court also rejects Isbrandtsen's argument that the award must be vacated since the arbitrators "ignored" the issue of whether Cobec actually suffered damages. The Court of Appeals for the Second Circuit has repeatedly warned that it is not receptive "to invitations to second-guess an arbitrator's resolution of a contract dispute" and has "consistently accorded the narrowest of readings to the Arbitration Act's authorization to vacate awards `[w]here the arbitrators exceeded their powers,' 9 U.S.C. § 10(d)." Andros Compania Maritima v. Marc Rich Co., 579 F.2d 691, 703 (2d Cir. 1978). An arbitration award will not be vacated for a mistaken interpretation of the contract or of the law, even when, in the court's view, the arbitrators' opinion was "clearly erroneous both in logic and result." I/S Stravborg v. National Metal Converters, Inc., 500 F.2d 424, 429 (2d Cir. 1974); Sobel v. Hertz, Warner Co., 469 F.2d 1211, 1214 (2d Cir. 1972); Advance Publications, Inc. v. Newspaper Guild of New York, 616 F.2d 614, 618 (2d Cir. 1980). Thus, the arbitrators' award cannot be vacated because the arbitrators came to the wrong conclusion as to whether Cobec suffered damages.
In addition, the Supreme Court has made it clear that there is no general requirement that arbitrators explain the reasons for their awards. Wilko v. Swan, 346 U.S. 427, 436, 74 S.Ct. 182, 187, 98 L.Ed. 168 (1953); Bernhardt v. Polygraph Co., 350 U.S. 198, 203, 76 S.Ct. 273, 276, 100 L.Ed. 199 (1956).
The sacrifice that arbitration entails in terms of legal precision is recognized, and is implicitly accepted on the initial assumption that certain disputes are arbitrable. Given that acceptance, the primary consideration for the courts must be that the system operate expeditiously as well as fairly.Sobel v. Hertz, Warner Co., supra at 1214, accord, Kurt Orban Co. v. Angeles Metal Systems, 573 F.2d 739, 740 (2d Cir. 1978). There was no need, then, for the arbitrators to set forth in their opinion their reasons for deciding that Cobec suffered damages even though it acted as an agent.
Finally, an arbitrator's refusal to hear pertinent evidence is grounds for vacating an award under § 10(c) of the Arbitration Act. Isbrandtsen points to Cofinco, Inc. v. Bakrie Bros., 395 F. Supp. 613 (S.D.N.Y. 1975), which held that "neglectful disregard," rather than explicit refusal to hear evidence, was sufficient misconduct on the part of the arbitrators to warrant vacating an award. The actions of the arbitrators in the case sub judice, however, do not meet the standard for neglectful disregard presented in Cofinco, Inc. There the appeals panel made a final ruling on questions expressly postponed below. There was never occasion to hear evidence in the first instance and the appellate panel was barred from receiving any evidence. Thus, "the fundamental right to be heard was grossly and totally blocked." Id. at 615.
The relevant facts in the case before this court are entirely different from those in Cofinco, Inc. In this case both parties had the opportunity to present evidence and arguments regarding Cobec's damages to the arbitration panel and both in fact did so. Among the exhibits submitted by Cobec at the hearing on March 19, 1980, was the freight invoice to Cobec from the owner of the substitute vessel Cobec chartered following Isbrandtsen's failure to provide a vessel. On April 24, 1980, Cobec submitted a copy of a debit ticket from its bank showing that Cobec actually paid a higher freight for the substitute vessel.
Isbrandtsen responded to Cobec's submissions with a written memorandum to the arbitrators dated June 10, 1980, in which it argued that Cobec was not the party in interest, "notwithstanding a copy of a freight bill and bank advice purportedly evidencing payment of freight by Cobec." It cannot be said therefore that Isbrandtsen's right to be heard was grossly and totally blocked.
For the foregoing reasons, Cobec's motion to confirm the arbitration award is granted.
SO ORDERED.