Opinion
No. ED 109120
07-20-2021
Mortez CLEAVES, Movant/Appellant, v. STATE of Missouri, Defendant/Respondent.
Gwenda R. Robinson, 1010 Market Ste. 1100, St. Louis, MO 63101, For Movant/Appellant. Amber Krisp, PO Box 899, Jefferson City, MO 65102, For Defendant/Respondent.
Gwenda R. Robinson, 1010 Market Ste. 1100, St. Louis, MO 63101, For Movant/Appellant.
Amber Krisp, PO Box 899, Jefferson City, MO 65102, For Defendant/Respondent.
OPINION
Thom C. Clark, Judge
Introduction
Movant and Appellant Mortez Cleaves appeals the motion court judgment denying his amended Rule 24.035 motion without an evidentiary hearing. Movant raises two points. In Point I, Movant argues that the motion court failed to conduct an independent inquiry to address whether Movant was abandoned by counsel and make the required factual determination involving his motion counsel's failure to timely file an amended motion. In Point II, Movant claims the motion court erred when failing to provide him an evidentiary hearing to explore trial counsel's failure to depose a witness critical to his defense.
Since neither the state's attorney nor Movant's counsel alerted the motion court about the possible abandonment issue, the motion court did not make a record and inquire on that topic. We agree that an absence of a record addressing the abandonment issue requires reversal under existing Missouri law so we do not address Point II. Accordingly, we reluctantly remand this matter to the motion court for an opportunity to create a record on the abandonment issue.
Factual and Procedural History
On August 31, 2018, Movant pleaded guilty to one count of murder second degree. In exchange for Movant pleading guilty, the state dismissed count two, armed criminal action. The state advised Movant that it would argue for a 20-year term in the department of corrections but consented to Movant requesting a lesser term of incarceration at the subsequent sentencing. On October 1, 2018, the trial court sentenced Movant to 20 years in the department of corrections after considering the arguments of counsel.
On January 4, 2019, Movant filed his 24.035 motion pro se expressing dissatisfaction with trial counsel. On January 8, 2019, the motion court appointed the state public defender to represent movant on the motion for post-conviction relief. On May 7, 2019, counsel entered on Movant's behalf and filed a motion requesting an additional 30 days to file an amended motion. On that same day, the court granted the motion for additional time. On May 15, 2019, the court reporter filed the transcript involving the guilty plea and sentencing. Pursuant to rule, the amended motion prepared by post-conviction counsel was due August 13, 2019. Rule 24.035(g).
On November 22, 2019, Movant's attorney filed an "Amended Motion to Vacate or Correct Judgment and Sentence and Request for Evidentiary Hearing" as well as a "Motion for Court to Consider Movant's Amended Motion as Timely Filed Under Sanders v. State, 807 S.W.2d 493 (Mo. Banc. 1991)" and an accompanying affidavit in which Movant's attorney acknowledges that Movant's motion was filed more than three months beyond the deadline. Subsequently, the state filed a Motion to Dismiss that was called, heard and argued on the record on June 29, 2020.
At the June 29 hearing, both counsel focused on the respective Motion to Dismiss and the Amended Motion to Vacate, Amend or Set Aside the Plea, but did not address the abandonment issue triggered by the untimely filing. When referring to Movant's requested relief on the record, the state's attorney specifically stated: "It was timely filed, I believe." In response, post-conviction counsel did not correct the state's attorney, did not request a ruling on the timeliness of Movant's motion pursuant to Sanders but, rather, focused on his claims criticizing the trial attorney for allegedly misrepresenting the sentencing terms of the plea agreement and failing to depose a witness.
On June 30, 2020, the motion court overruled Movant's "Motion to Vacate, Amend or Set Aside the Plea or Sentence and Request for Evidentiary Hearing," specifically addressing Movant's claims about the alleged plea misrepresentation and his trial attorney's alleged failure to conduct the deposition and finding that there were not any genuine issues of fact that would warrant a hearing. However, the motion court did not rule on Movant's "Motion for Court to Consider Movant's Amended Motion as Timely Filed Under Sanders v. State, 807 S.W.2d 493 (Mo. Banc. 1991)."
Standard of Review
When considering a Rule 24.035 judgment, our review is restricted to determining "whether the motion court's finding of fact and conclusions of law are clearly erroneous." Stanley v. State, 420 S.W.3d 532, 539 (Mo. banc 2014), citing Rule 24.035(k) and Cooper v. State, 356 S.W.3d 148, 152 (Mo. banc 2011). After reviewing the record, the motion court's findings and conclusions are clearly erroneous if there is a "definite and firm impression that a mistake has been made." Cooper, 356 S.W.3d at 152.
Discussion
We solely address the first point of Movant's appeal to determine if this matter must be remanded to the motion court to address the abandonment issue. Based on our understanding of the current case law, we believe that it does. Movant contends that the motion court failed to conduct an independent inquiry and make the required factual determination regarding the abandonment issue. The state agrees with Movant and notifies this court that it must reverse the motion court's judgment.
An amended motion to vacate, set aside or amend a judgment "shall be filed within 60 days of the earlier of the date both a complete transcript of the guilty plea and sentencing hearing has been filed and counsel is appointed ...." Rule 24.035(g). The motion court cannot extend the time period for counsel filing an amended motion. Stanley, 420 S.W.3d at 541.
An abandonment issue surfaces when appointed counsel files an amended motion beyond the Rule 24.035(g) deadline. Pittman v. State, 504 S.W.3d 76, 80 (Mo. App. E.D. 2016) ; Price v. State , 422 S.W.3d 292, 298 (Mo. banc 2014) ; Moore v. State , 458 S.W.3d 822, 825 (Mo. banc 2015). When appointed counsel files an amended motion beyond the rule's deadline, it is presumed that counsel abandoned Movant and the motion court is obligated to conduct an independent inquiry to make factual determinations regarding the abandonment issue. Pittman, 504 S.W.3d at 80 (citing Moore, 458 S.W.3d at 825 ). Even a restrained reading of recent case law requires that when post-conviction counsel fails to file an amended motion within the rule requirements, the motion court must create a record and initiate an independent inquiry and determine if counsel abandoned Movant. See, e.g., Pittman, 504 S.W.3d at 80 ; Moore, 458 S.W.3d at 825-26 ; Showalter v. State, 607 S.W.3d 804, 806 (Mo. App. E.D. 2020) ; Lampkin v. State , 560 S.W.3d 67, 70 (Mo. App. E.D. 2018) ; Brown v. State , 602 S.W.3d 846, 849-50 (Mo. App. E.D. 2020).
"If the motion court finds Movant has not been abandoned, the court should not permit the filing of the amended motion and should adjudicate movant's initial pro se motion." Pittman, 504 S.W.3d at 80 (citing Moore, 458 S.W.3d at 825 ). "If the motion court finds Movant was abandoned by counsel, the court must permit the untimely" amended motion filed by counsel. Id. The Supreme Court of Missouri has further held that an appellate court must remand the case when an abandonment inquiry is necessary, but was not conducted, because "the motion court is the appropriate forum" for that inquiry. Id. at 826.
Post-conviction counsel entered on May 7, 2019 and requested an additional 30 days to prepare an amended motion. The motion court promptly granted the request for additional time. Since the court reporter filed the transcript involving the guilty plea and sentencing on May 15, 2019, Movant's attorney was obligated to file the amended motion no later than August 13, 2019, pursuant to rule. Rule 24.035(g). However, Movant's attorney did not file the amended motion until November 22, 2019, a significant time after the deadline and clearly offending the time standards. Id. Movant's attorney attended the June 29 argument and had the opportunity to remind the court about the imperative inquiry but chose to do otherwise. When addressing the court, counsel failed to correct the state about the timeliness of the amended motion, did not ask for a ruling on the previously filed Sanders motion and declined to request the court conduct an abandonment inquiry. As a result of the untimely filing, the motion court was obliged to conduct an abandonment inquiry on the record. Pittman, 504 S.W.3d at 80.
Despite the diligent motion court's careful consideration of the merits of Movant's amended motion, the existing record does not indicate if the court inquired and made factual determinations about post-conviction counsel abandoning Movant's claims and the cause for the belated filing. While post-conviction counsel filed an affidavit indicating that Movant was not at fault for the untimely filing, it would be error for this court to assume that the motion court ruled on the abandonment issue without a record reflecting the motion court findings following an independent inquiry. Brown, 602 S.W.3d at 849. Informed by existing Missouri case law's consistent, prevalent and well-defined precedent dictating the procedure for abandonment matters, we are required to reverse and remand.
Missouri law on this topic, while well-defined and consistent, has also been criticized as potentially wasteful of judicial resources. Moore, 458 S.W.3d at 827-31 (Wilson, J., dissenting); Childers v. State, 462 S.W.3d 825, 828 (Mo. App. E.D. 2015) ; Bustamante v. State, 478 S.W.3d 431, 435 n.2 (Mo. App. W.D. 2015). This case illustrates that wastefulness. The circumstances requiring remand here were the creation of Movant and his appointed post-conviction counsel. After Movant initially filed his pro se motion pursuant to Rule 24.035, his counsel filed a much-belated, untimely amended motion. Counsel compounded that failure by failing to alert the circuit court to the timeliness issue during the June 29 hearing. As a result, the trial court will now be required to conduct an evidentiary hearing that would not otherwise have been needed, consuming scarce judicial resources. And the ultimate object of that required evidentiary hearing will be merely to determine which version of Movant's Rule 24.035 motion (pro se or counsel's amended motion) the court will consider. But the motion court has already carefully considered the substance of the Rule 24.035 motion and wrote a thoughtful opinion rejecting it. As Judge Fischer aptly observed in Moore, "[i]t may be that after remand ... the motion court would again overrule the amended motion without an evidentiary hearing." Moore, 458 S.W.3d at 827 (concurring).
By remanding this matter, we add to the burdens of the trial court as it addresses the backlog of cases caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. Our ruling requires the court to reinvest time, energy and state resources in this matter, while many unresolved matters, pending over the past several months, await its attention.
Conclusion
Bound by current Missouri law, we reverse the judgment. We make this determination recognizing the motion court's efforts to substantively address the merits of Movant's claims. This matter is remanded so the motion court shall have the opportunity to initiate an independent inquiry to determine whether Movant was abandoned by counsel.
Sherri B. Sullivan, C.J., concurs.
Lisa P. Page, J., concurs.