Opinion
11-03-2016
Abigail CHANCE et al., Appellants, v. COUNTY OF ULSTER, Respondent.
Blatchly & Simonson, PC, New Paltz (Bruce D. Blatchly of counsel), for appellants. Cook, Netter, Cloonan, Kurtz & Murphy, PC, Kingston (Robert D. Cook of counsel), for respondent.
Blatchly & Simonson, PC, New Paltz (Bruce D. Blatchly of counsel), for appellants.
Cook, Netter, Cloonan, Kurtz & Murphy, PC, Kingston (Robert D. Cook of counsel), for respondent.
Before: McCARTHY, J.P., GARRY, DEVINE, CLARK and MULVEY, JJ.
McCARTHY, J.P.Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court (Mott, J.), entered September 24, 2015 in Ulster County, which granted defendant's motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint.
In December 2013, plaintiffs commenced this action to recover damages for personal injuries sustained by plaintiff Abigail Chance when, in June 2013, she fell from her bicycle while riding alongside State Route 299 on a portion of roadway maintained by defendant. Plaintiffs alleged that Chance fell as a result of defendant's improper maintenance of the roadway and its failure to provide an adequate road shoulder. Following joinder of issue, defendant moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint. Supreme Court granted the motion and dismissed the complaint. Plaintiffs appeal, and we affirm.
Where a municipality has enacted a prior written notice statute, the general rule is “that a plaintiff may not bring a civil action against [it] for damages as the result of an injury sustained by reason of a defective street, highway, bridge, culvert, sidewalk or crosswalk unless such a notice provision is satisfied” (Smith v. Village
of Hancock, 25 A.D.3d 975, 975, 809 N.Y.S.2d 589 [2006] ; see Stride v. City of Schenectady, 85 A.D.3d 1409, 1410, 925 N.Y.S.2d 260 [2011] ; Crespo v. City of Kingston, 80 A.D.3d 1124, 1124, 917 N.Y.S.2d 336 [2011] ; see also General Municipal Law § 50–e ). The notice provided must be written notice, and evidence of constructive or actual notice is insufficient (see Palo v. Town of Fallsburg, 101 A.D.3d 1400, 1401, 956 N.Y.S.2d 648 [2012], lv. denied 20 N.Y.3d 862, 2013 WL 1197248 [2013] ; Stride v. City of Schenectady, 85 A.D.3d at 1410, 925 N.Y.S.2d 260 ; Boice v. City of Kingston, 60 A.D.3d 1140, 1142, 874 N.Y.S.2d 319 [2009] ). Nonetheless, an exception to the written notice requirement applies if defendant affirmatively created the dangerous condition (see Babenzien v. Town of Fenton, 67 A.D.3d 1236, 1238, 889 N.Y.S.2d 295 [2009] ). To satisfy this exception, a defendant's actions must have “immediately result[ed] in the existence of [the] dangerous condition” alleged to have caused a plaintiff's injuries (Yarborough v. City of New York, 10 N.Y.3d 726, 728, 853 N.Y.S.2d 261, 882 N.E.2d 873 [2008] ). When a defendant establishes that it did not receive prior written notice of the alleged defect, the burden shifts to the plaintiff to raise issues of fact as to the applicability of an exception to the written notice requirement (see Yarborough v. City of New York, 10 N.Y.3d at 728, 853 N.Y.S.2d 261, 882 N.E.2d 873 ; Guimond v.
Village of Keeseville, 113 A.D.3d 895, 896, 978 N.Y.S.2d 431 [2014] ; Stride v. City of Schenectady, 85 A.D.3d at 1410, 925 N.Y.S.2d 260 ).
Plaintiffs argue that a defendant cannot shift the burden on such a motion for summary judgment absent proof that no issues of fact exist as to the application of any exception to the written notice requirement. We disagree, as such an argument is contrary to Court of Appeals precedent establishing the aforementioned general rule as to defendant's initial burden (see Yarborough v. City of New York, 10 N.Y.3d at 728, 853 N.Y.S.2d 261, 882 N.E.2d 873 [2008] ). Otherwise, as plaintiffs did not allege in their pleadings that defendant affirmatively created the dangerous condition, we need not consider the hypothetical question regarding the scope of a defendant's initial burden in an instance in which a plaintiff has pleaded legal liability based on an exception to the written notice requirement (compare Breest v. Long Island R.R., 140 A.D.3d 819, 820, 33 N.Y.S.3d 420 [2016] ).
Initially, plaintiffs are incorrect as a matter of law that the Ulster County Code provision regarding notice does not apply to a State Route that defendant maintained. The Ulster County Code provides, in pertinent part, that “[n]o civil action shall be maintained against [defendant] for damages or injuries to [a] person ... sustained in consequence of any road ... being defective, out of repair, unsafe, dangerous or obstructed ... unless at least 48 hours prior to the occurrence resulting in such damage or injuries, written notice of the ... condition of such road ... shall have been filed in the office of the Clerk of the Ulster County Legislature and there was a failure or neglect to remedy or remove the defect ... within a reasonable time after the filing of such notice” (Ulster County Code § 258–2; see Town Law § 65–a ). The plain language application of Ulster County Code § 258–2 provides that it applies to defects as to “any road,” which patently includes a State Route maintained by defendant (see generally Cain v. Pappalardo, 225 A.D.2d 1005, 1007, 639 N.Y.S.2d 570 [1996] ; Federoff v. Camperlengo, 215 A.D.2d 806, 807–808, 626 N.Y.S.2d 301 [1995] ). Thus, based on defendant's evidentiary submissions establishing that it did not receive written notice in accordance with Ulster County Code § 258–2 in regard to the alleged defect, the burden shifted to plaintiffs. Plaintiffs failed to raise an issue of fact as to defendant's creation of the dangerous condition through an affirmative act. Rather than attribute the accident to defendant's affirmative act, plaintiffs' expert attributed the accident to defendant's failure to act; he opined that the dangerous pavement edge drop-off that caused the fall resulted from a lack of “monitoring and maintenance” of the road by defendant. Accordingly, even when viewing the evidence in the light most favorable to plaintiffs, they failed to raise a triable issue of fact as to an exception to the written notice requirement (see Yarborough v. City of New York, 10 N.Y.3d at 728, 853 N.Y.S.2d 261, 882 N.E.2d 873 ; Davis v. City of Schenectady, 65 A.D.3d 743, 745, 883 N.Y.S.2d 810 [2009] ; Boice v. City of Kingston, 60 A.D.3d at 1142, 874 N.Y.S.2d 319 ). Accordingly, Supreme Court properly granted defendant's motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint. Plaintiffs' remaining contentions are academic or without merit.
Plaintiffs concede that defendant established that it did not receive written notice specifically identifying the defect alleged to have caused the accident.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed, without costs.
GARRY, DEVINE, CLARK and MULVEY, JJ., concur.