Opinion
2012-12-19
Catherina Lorena CENZON–DECARLO, appellant, v. MOUNT SINAI HOSPITAL, etc., et al., respondents.
Ruta Soulios & Stratis LLP, New York, N.Y. (Joseph A. Ruta, and Matthew S. Bowman, pro hac vice, of counsel), for appellant. Proskauer Rose LLP, New York, N.Y. (Bettina B. Plevan and Harris M. Mufson of counsel), for respondents.
Ruta Soulios & Stratis LLP, New York, N.Y. (Joseph A. Ruta, and Matthew S. Bowman, pro hac vice, of counsel), for appellant. Proskauer Rose LLP, New York, N.Y. (Bettina B. Plevan and Harris M. Mufson of counsel), for respondents.
WILLIAM F. MASTRO, J.P., PETER B. SKELOS, ANITA R. FLORIO, and THOMAS A. DICKERSON, JJ.
In an action, inter alia, to recover damages for employment discrimination on the basis of religion and unlawful retaliation in violation of Executive Law § 296 and Administrative Code of the City of New York § 8–107, the plaintiff appeals, as limited by her brief, from so much of (1) an order of the Supreme Court, Kings County (Bayne, J.), dated December 7, 2010, as granted that branch of the defendants' motion which was pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(7) to dismiss the seventh cause of action and, pursuant to CPLR 3211(c), converted those branches of the defendants' motion which were pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(7) to dismiss the first, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and eighth causes of action into a motion for summary judgment dismissing those causes of action and directed the parties to provide the court with additional submissions in support of, or in opposition to, the converted motion within 30 days of entry of the order, and (2) an order of the same court dated June 17, 2011, as granted the defendants' converted motion for summary judgment dismissing the first, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and eighth causes of action.
ORDERED that the orders are affirmed insofar as appealed from, with one bill of costs.
The plaintiff, a registered nurse and practicing member of the Roman Catholic church, commenced the instant action, inter alia, to recover damages for employment discrimination on the basis of religion in violation of Executive Law § 296(1)(a) and Administrative Code of the City of New York § 8–107(1)(a), unlawful retaliation in violation of Executive Law § 296(7) and Administrative Code § 8–107(7), discrimination in violation of the New York Constitution, article I, § 11 and Civil Rights Law § 79–i, and intentional infliction of emotional distress, in connection with an incident during which the defendants, including the plaintiff's employer and superiors, allegedly forced her to assist with the performance of an abortion despite her known religious objections to doing so.
Prior to joinder of issue, the defendants moved pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(7) to dismiss the complaint. In the first order appealed from, the Supreme Court, among other things, granted that branch of the defendants' motion which was pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(7) to dismiss the seventh cause of action alleging discrimination in violation of Civil Rights Law § 79–i, and converted those branches of the defendants' motion which were to dismiss the first, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and eighth causes of action into a motion for summary judgment dismissing those causes of action and directed the parties to provide the court with additional submissions in support of, or in opposition to, the converted motion within 30 days of entry of the order. In the second order appealed from, upon the parties' additional submissions, the Supreme Court, inter alia, granted the defendants' converted motion for summary judgment dismissing the first, third, fourth, fifth, sixth, and eighth causes of action.
Contrary to the plaintiff's contention, the Supreme Court correctly determined that there is no private right of action under Civil Rights Law § 79–i ( see Larson v. Albany Med. Ctr., 173 Misc.2d 508, 662 N.Y.S.2d 224,mod.252 A.D.2d 936, 676 N.Y.S.2d 293;see also Whiting v. Incorporated Vil. of Old Brookville, 8 F.Supp.2d 202, 212 [E.D.N.Y.],affd.4 Fed.Appx. 11, 2001 WL 99827 [2d Cir.];Poughkeepsie Police Benevolent Assn. v. City of Poughkeepsie, 184 A.D.2d 501, 501, 584 N.Y.S.2d 168; Simpson v. New York City Tr. Auth., 112 A.D.2d 89, 90–91, 491 N.Y.S.2d 645,affd.66 N.Y.2d 1010, 499 N.Y.S.2d 396, 489 N.E.2d 1298;Carpenter v. City of Plattsburgh, 105 A.D.2d 295, 299, 484 N.Y.S.2d 284,affd.66 N.Y.2d 791, 497 N.Y.S.2d 909, 488 N.E.2d 839;see generally Uhr v. East Greenbush Cent. School Dist., 94 N.Y.2d 32, 40, 698 N.Y.S.2d 609, 720 N.E.2d 886;Mark G. v. Sabol, 93 N.Y.2d 710, 720, 695 N.Y.S.2d 730, 717 N.E.2d 1067;cf.Executive Law § 297[9]; Civil Rights Law §§ 40–d, 51). Accordingly, the court properly granted that branch of the defendants' motion which was pursuant to CPLR 3211(a)(7) to dismiss the seventh cause of action.
Moreover, contrary to the plaintiff's contentions, under the circumstances presented here, the Supreme Court did not err in determining the defendants' converted motion for summary judgment without affording her the benefit of discovery ( see Rovello v. Orofino Realty Co., 40 N.Y.2d 633, 635, 389 N.Y.S.2d 314, 357 N.E.2d 970;Nassau Diagnostic Imaging & Radiation Oncology Assoc. v. Winthrop–University Hosp., 197 A.D.2d 563, 563, 602 N.Y.S.2d 650;cf. Mihlovan v. Grozavu, 72 N.Y.2d 506, 508, 534 N.Y.S.2d 656, 531 N.E.2d 288;Vecere v. Estate of Arnold Berle, 91 A.D.3d 637, 637–638, 936 N.Y.S.2d 248).
Turning to the merits of the defendants' converted summary judgment motion, first, contrary to the plaintiff's contention, the Supreme Court properly granted those branches of the motion which were for summary judgment dismissing the third and fifth causes of action, which alleged discrimination in violation of Executive Law § 296(1)(a) and Administrative Code § 8–107(1)(a). With respect to the Executive Law § 296(1)(a) claim, the defendants made a prima facie showing that the plaintiff did not suffer an adverse employment action ( see Burlington Industries, Inc. v. Ellerth, 524 U.S. 742, 761, 118 S.Ct. 2257, 141 L.Ed.2d 633;Honey v. County of Rockland, 200 F.Supp.2d 311, 320;Matter of Block v. Gatling, 84 A.D.3d 445, 445, 922 N.Y.S.2d 327;see generally Furfero v. St. John's Univ., 94 A.D.3d 695, 696–697, 941 N.Y.S.2d 639) and, in any event, offered legitimate, nondiscriminatory reasons for their challenged actions and demonstrated that there are no material issues of fact as to whether those explanations were pretextual ( see Furfero v. St. John's Univ., 94 A.D.3d at 697, 941 N.Y.S.2d 639). In opposition to this showing, the plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue of fact as to whether she suffered an adverse employment action and whether the reasons proffered by the defendants for their challenged actions were merely pretextual ( see Forrest v. Jewish Guild for the Blind, 3 N.Y.3d 295, 305, 786 N.Y.S.2d 382, 819 N.E.2d 998;Bailey v. New York Westchester Sq. Med. Ctr., 38 A.D.3d 119, 123, 829 N.Y.S.2d 30;see also Melman v. Montefiore Med. Ctr., 98 A.D.3d 107, 120–121, 946 N.Y.S.2d 27;Ioele v. Alden Press, 145 A.D.2d 29, 37, 536 N.Y.S.2d 1000;Mejia v. Roosevelt Is. Med. Assoc., 31 Misc.3d 1206[A], 2011 WL 1260111, 2011 N.Y. Slip Op. 50506[U], *4,affd.95 A.D.3d 570, 944 N.Y.S.2d 521;cf. generally Brathwaite v. Frankel, 98 A.D.3d 444, 949 N.Y.S.2d 678). With respect to the plaintiff's Administrative Code § 8–107(1)(a) claim, the defendants made a prima facie showing that there is no evidentiary route that could allow a jury to believe that discrimination played a role in their challenged actions ( see Furfero v. St. John's Univ., 94 A.D.3d at 697, 941 N.Y.S.2d 639;Bennett v. Health Mgt. Sys., Inc., 92 A.D.3d 29, 39–40, 45, 936 N.Y.S.2d 112). In opposition to this showing, the plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue of fact as to whether the defendants' proffered reasons for their challenged actions were false ( see Furfero v. St. John's Univ., 94 A.D.3d at 697, 941 N.Y.S.2d 639;Bennett v. Health Mgt. Sys. Inc., 92 A.D.3d at 45, 936 N.Y.S.2d 112;see also Melman v. Montefiore Med. Ctr., 98 A.D.3d at 120–121, 946 N.Y.S.2d 27).
Furthermore, the Supreme Court properly granted those branches of the defendants' converted motion which were for summary judgment dismissing the fourth and sixth causes of action, which alleged retaliation in violation of Executive Law § 296(7) and Administrative Code § 8–107(7). With respect to the plaintiff's Executive Law § 296(7) claim, in opposition to the defendants' prima facie showing that the plaintiff did not participate in a protected activity by opposing discrimination and, even assuming that she did participate in a protected activity, that the defendants did not subject her to any adverse action ( see Fletcher v. Dakota, Inc., 99 A.D.3d 43, 51–53, 948 N.Y.S.2d 263), the plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue of fact ( see Burlington N. & S.F.R. Co. v. White, 548 U.S. 53, 68–69, 126 S.Ct. 2405, 165 L.Ed.2d 345;Forrest v. Jewish Guild for the Blind, 3 N.Y.3d at 313, 786 N.Y.S.2d 382, 819 N.E.2d 998;Melman v. Montefiore Med. Ctr., 98 A.D.3d at 126–127, 946 N.Y.S.2d 27;Forrest v. Jewish Guild for the Blind, 309 A.D.2d 546, 558, 765 N.Y.S.2d 326,affd.3 N.Y.3d 295, 786 N.Y.S.2d 382, 819 N.E.2d 998;cf. Knight v. City of New York, 303 F.Supp.2d 485, 496 [S.D.N.Y.],affd.147 Fed.Appx. 221, 2005 WL 2759787 [2d Cir.]; Fletcher v. Dakota, Inc., 99 A.D.3d at 51–53, 948 N.Y.S.2d 263). With respect to the plaintiff's Administrative Code § 8–107(7) claim, in opposition to the defendants' prima facie showing that the plaintiff did not participate in a protected activity by opposing discrimination and, even assuming that she did participate in a protected activity, that the defendants did not take any action that disadvantaged her ( see Fletcher v. Dakota, Inc., 99 A.D.3d at 51–53, 948 N.Y.S.2d 263), the plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue of fact ( cf. Albunio v. City of New York, 16 N.Y.3d 472, 479, 922 N.Y.S.2d 244, 947 N.E.2d 135;Fletcher v. Dakota, Inc., 99 A.D.3d at 51–53, 948 N.Y.S.2d 263).
Contrary to the plaintiff's contention, the Supreme Court properly granted that branch of the defendants' converted motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the eighth cause of action, which alleged intentional infliction of emotional distress. In opposition to the defendants' prima facie showing that they did not engage in extreme and outrageous conduct ( see Howell v. New York Post Co., 81 N.Y.2d 115, 121–122, 596 N.Y.S.2d 350, 612 N.E.2d 699), the plaintiff failed to raise a triable issue of fact.
Moreover, the Supreme Court properly granted that branch of the defendants' converted motion which was for summary judgment dismissing the first cause of action, which alleged discrimination in violation of the New York Constitution, article I, § 11 ( see Brown v. State of New York, 89 N.Y.2d 172, 190, 652 N.Y.S.2d 223, 674 N.E.2d 1129;People v. Kern, 75 N.Y.2d 638, 651, 555 N.Y.S.2d 647, 554 N.E.2d 1235,cert. denied498 U.S. 824, 111 S.Ct. 77, 112 L.Ed.2d 50).
The plaintiff's remaining contentions are without merit.