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In Burton Drywall, Inc v Kaufman, 69 Mich. App. 85; 244 N.W.2d 367 (1976), lv granted, 399 Mich. 875 (1977), a panel of this Court declined to follow the above cases, reasoning that Mielis was wrongly decided.
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Docket No. 19113.
Decided May 27, 1976. Leave to appeal applied for.
Appeal from Wayne, Charles S. Farmer, J. Submitted April 12, 1976, at Detroit. (Docket No. 19113.) Decided May 27, 1976. Leave to appeal applied for.
Complaint by Burton Drywall, Inc., against Harry Kaufman and Ben Kaufman, doing business as Westland Park Apartments, and against Kaufman Brothers Investment Company, Citizens Mortgage Corporation and Joseph Rickard seeking to foreclose a mechanic's lien. Summary judgment for defendants. Plaintiff appeals. Affirmed.
Gottlieb Goren, for plaintiff.
Weiner Hauser, for defendants.
Before: BASHARA, P.J., and R.B. BURNS and QUINN, JJ.
Plaintiff appeals a summary judgment granted to the defendants in an action to foreclose a mechanic's lien.
The defendant, Westland Park Apartments, was a partnership formed for the purpose of developing an apartment complex. The partners were the defendants Harry Kaufman, Ben Kaufman, and Joseph Rickard. The partnership entered into an agreement with Ricco, Inc., to act as general contractor on the project. The president and sole shareholder of Ricco, Inc., was Joseph Rickard.
Ricco, Inc., subcontracted with the plaintiff to provide drywall materials and labor to the project. Plaintiff's lien states that it began furnishing materials and/or labor to the construction site on January 12, 1971. The proof of service for the notice of intent to claim a lien discloses that the notice was served on the partnership on June 2, 1971, some 141 days after the work began.
The trial judge granted summary judgment on the ground that plaintiff failed to state a claim upon which relief could be granted. GCR 1963, 117.2(1). He ruled that no mechanic's lien attached because the plaintiff failed to serve a notice of intent to claim a lien within 90 days of first furnishing the materials or labor.
Plaintiff contends that notice is not required where the party seeking the lien deals directly with the owner. The argument is that the plaintiff contracted with Ricco, Inc. Joseph Rickard is an officer and sole shareholder of Ricco, Inc. as well as a partner in Westland Park Apartments. Rickard's knowledge of plaintiff's claim is binding on the partners and partnership.
The mechanics' liens act, MCLA 570.1 et seq.; MSA 26.281 et seq., is in derogation of the common law and must be strictly construed to the point when the lien attaches. Thereafter, it may be liberally construed to fulfill the remedial objectives of the act. Smalley v Northwestern Terra-Cotta Co, 113 Mich. 141, 148; 71 N.W. 466 (1897), Burman v Ewald, 192 Mich. 293; 158 N.W. 853 (1916).
Section 1 of the mechanics' liens act requires, inter alia, that the party seeking the lien serve the owner with a written notice of intent to claim a lien against a building for any amounts unpaid on material or labor furnished to that building. Such notice must be served within 90 days after furnishing the first of such materials or labor. MCLA 570.1; MSA 26.281, Georgia-Pacific Corp v Central Park North Co, 394 Mich. 59, 64-65; 228 N.W.2d 380 (1975).
The purpose of the notice is to inform the owner of the existence of claims against the property by subcontractors, materialmen, or laborers who have contracted with the original contractor. Theoretically, once informed the owner will not pay the original contractor until the lien claimants have been discharged. This procedure protects the owner from having to pay twice. Lamont v LeFevre, 96 Mich. 175, 177; 55 N.W. 687 (1893), Hartwick Lumber Co v Chonoski, 216 Mich. 424, 428; 185 N.W. 774 (1921), Saginaw Lumber Co v Stirling, 305 Mich. 473, 478; 9 N.W.2d 680 (1943).
However, there is a judicially created exception that one need not serve a notice of intent to claim a lien, where the lien claimant is dealing with the owner and not a contractor. Mielis v Everts, 264 Mich. 363, 364; 249 N.W. 875 (1933). Since Mielis, no case law has examined the authority for such an exception, although subsequent cases have explained its rationale.
In Wallich Lumber Co v Golds, 375 Mich. 323; 134 N.W.2d 722 (1965), the Court considered the priorities between a mechanic's lien and a mortgage. The mechanic's lien was found to have priority. The Mielis exception was inapplicable to the fact situation in Wallich and was only discussed to bolster the result. In obiter dictum the Court stated that notice was not required where the lien claimant deals directly with an owner, because the owner knows there is a claim against him. Wallich Lumber Co v Golds, supra, 328.
In J Altman Companies, Inc v Saginaw Plumbing Heating Supply Co, 42 Mich. App. 747; 202 N.W.2d 707 (1972), the Mielis exception was again considered and its rationale approved. However, the Court found that Mielis did not apply because the lien claimant did not deal directly with the owner or general contractor, which for the purposes of argument were considered one entity.
To the extent that J Altman Companies, Inc v Saginaw Plumbing Heating Supply Co, 42 Mich. App. 747, 751; 202 N.W.2d 707 (1972), indicates that Saginaw Lumber Co v Stirling, supra, creates a knowledge exception to the notice requirement of MCLA 570.1; MSA 26.281, we disagree. In that case, a notice of intent to claim a lien was sent by registered mail addressed to the husband and wife owners of the property in question. They claimed the lien was invalid because the notice only named the husband. The evidence showed that the notice was read by both the husband and wife. The Supreme Court held that under these circumstances there had been "substantial compliance" with the act. Saginaw Lumber v Stirling, supra, 479. This case merely defined compliance with the act. It did not create an exception to the notice of intent requirement.
We are of the opinion that Mielis was erroneously decided. Without explanation it made the following statement:
The only other case that has cited Mielis v Everts, 264 Mich. 363; 249 N.W. 875 (1933), is Sadler v Winshall, 373 Mich. 378, 383; 129 N.W.2d 384 (1964), which was concerned with the requirements for service of a statement of lien. MCLA 570.6; MSA 26.286. Sadler apparently confused service of a statement of lien with service of a notice of intent to claim a lien.
"It is first claimed that the lien of Albert Mielis is invalid because a notice of intention to claim a lien was not served upon the owners. It was not necessary. The lien claimants were dealing with the part-owner, not with a contractor. 3 Comp. Laws 1929, § 13101; Smalley v Ashland Brown-Stone Co., 114 Mich. 104 [72 NW 29 (1897)]." Mielis v Everts, supra, 364.
Mielis' reliance on Smalley v Ashland Brown-Stone Co, supra, was misplaced. That case interpreted the notice of intent to claim a lien requirement of § 1 of the mechanics' liens act of 1891 PA 179, § 1, as amended by 1893 PA 199. The Smalley Court found that the notice was for protection of the subcontractor, materialman, or laborer to preserve its claim against the owner, and as such, was not a condition precedent to the lien attaching.
However, it apparently escaped the attention of the Mielis Court that § 1 of the mechanics' liens act was amended by 1929 PA 264 to add the following:
"No person shall have a right to claim a lien as in this act provided, unless and until he shall have served a notice as in this section provided, and proof of the service of such notice shall be attached to the verified statement or account when filed with the registrar of deeds as provided in section five of this act." (Emphasis supplied.) Webster v Cooper Development Co, 266 Mich. 505, 507; 254 N.W. 186 (1934), construed this provision to require compliance with the notice provisions of the act as a condition precedent to the acquisition of a mechanic's lien. To the extent that Smalley v Ashland Brown-Stone Co, supra, held otherwise it was overruled sub silentio by Webster. Therefore, the Mielis exception is grounded on authority no longer of precedential value.
This section is the same today except that "recorded" was substituted for "filed" by 1958 PA 213.
The Court of Appeals is not bound to follow a decision of the Michigan Supreme Court if it is convinced by overwhelming authority that the Supreme Court would overrule that authority were it deciding the question today. Duncan v Beres, 15 Mich. App. 318; 166 N.W.2d 678 (1968), Abendschein v Farrell, 11 Mich. App. 662, 680-684; 162 N.W.2d 165 (1968) (LEVIN, J., dissenting), affirmed, 382 Mich. 510; 170 N.W.2d 137 (1969).
We recognize that decisions of the Michigan Supreme Court are the supreme law of the State of Michigan. By our holding we are declining to follow Mielis, supra, and not overrule it.
We believe that were Mielis examined today by the Supreme Court, it would be overruled for the following reasons. First, the amendment of 1929 PA 264 apparently escaped the attention of the Mielis court. That amendment clearly requires compliance with the notice provisions before a lien can attach. Webster v Cooper Development Co, supra. Second, Mielis failed to strictly construe the act by erroneously following obsolete law, and inadvertently judicially legislating an exception to the notice requirements. For these reasons we decline to follow Mielis.
Plaintiff's final argument is that unless the defendant can demonstrate prejudice by plaintiff's delay of 141 days in serving defendant with notice of intent to claim a lien, the plaintiff should not be deprived of lien rights. We reject this contention. We hold that a strict construction of the act requires that as a condition precedent to the attachment of a lien, the lien claimant must serve notice of intent to claim a lien on the owner within 90 days of first furnishing material or performing labor. MCLA 570.1; MSA 26.281. Webster v Cooper Development Co, supra.
Affirmed.
QUINN, J., concurred.
Reluctantly, I must dissent. In my opinion we are bound by Mielis v Everts, 264 Mich. 363; 249 N.W. 875 (1933). Mielis has not been overruled, but has been acknowledged in Wallich Lumber Co v Golds, 375 Mich. 323; 134 N.W.2d 722 (1965), and J Altman Companies, Inc v Saginaw Plumbing Heating Supply Co, 42 Mich. App. 747; 202 N.W.2d 707 (1972).
I do not think it appropriate for an intermediate court to decide cases contrary to established precedent of the Supreme Court.