Opinion
March Term, 1900.
Interlocutory judgment affirmed on the opinion of Mr. Justice Jenks at Special Term, costs to abide the final award of costs. All concurred.
The following is the opinion of Mr. Justice Jenks at Special Term: —
The plaintiff was a builder and the defendant was the owner of two vacant lots in the city of Brooklyn. After interviews with the defendant, the plaintiff, in September, 1897, contracted for the purchase of a third and adjacent vacant lot for $2,000, which defendant was to pay for. But, upon her default, the plaintiff paid that consideration. Thereupon three buildings were erected upon the three lots, largely at the cost of defendant and under the supervision of the plaintiff. The defendant did not meet, or was unable to meet, some of the payments upon the brick work, and the plaintiff paid about $1,100 therefor. While the houses were building the plaintiff obtained loans to the amount of $5,000 upon each lot and structure from a bank secured by mortgages of the defendant. These moneys were applied to the construction, and plaintiff was also reimbursed the $1,100 paid for brick work. When the houses were finished the plaintiff took charge of the rentings, and for three months received the rentals from the janitor. Plaintiff subsequently found a purchaser for one of the houses and entered into a contract for the sale, but defendant refused to execute the deed, and about the same time began to collect the rentals. Thereupon the plaintiff served notice "of a dissolution of partnership," and this action for such dissolution and accounting was begun. While the defendant contributed the land and the said certain moneys to this venture, the plaintiff contributed thereto his skill, experience and a large part of his time. He also paid $2,000 for the third lot of land and about $1,800 towards the expenses of construction. No written agreement was ever entered into, but the business relation of the parties was established at a preliminary conversation, at which were present the plaintiff, his wife and the defendant. Both the plaintiff and his wife testify that the agreement was then explicitly made for a joint enterprise contemplating a sharing of the profits and losses. Evidence to corroborate that this was the understanding, as shown by subsequent conduct and declarations during the transaction, is furnished by the testimony of several disinterested witnesses called by the plaintiff. The defendant denies that any relation in the nature of a partnership ever existed or was ever intended; she insists that the plaintiff was a mere employee, to be paid out of any profits gained, and concedes that he is entitled to some compensation. But some of the testimony of the defendant is hardly credible. She asks the court to credit that the plaintiff virtually forced this transaction upon her; that he trespassed upon her land and commenced to build without her permission; that he took her deeds and deposited them in the bank, for what purpose she did not quite realize (though she subsequently executed the mortgages upon the property); that she did not know whether she ever took title to the third lot, though that was covered by the mortgage subsequently executed by her, and that she was, in effect, beguiled into a transaction which she then permitted to be carried out without any lively interest in the matter. Nothing in the relation of the parties lends credence. They are not akin; indeed, there was no acquaintance theretofore before them. The defendant is a married woman of mature years, not weak or confiding, so far as her appearance, demeanor or language would indicate; apparently versed in business; possessed of property, and intelligent to a degree. She impressed me as an acute woman of affairs. Far from being pliant, she appeared more positive in her character than the plaintiff. I am of opinion that the evidence clearly shows that the parties were associated in a joint business enterprise and that the principles of the law of partnership apply. ( King v. Barnes, 109 N.Y. 267; Wilcox v. Pratt, 125 id. 688; Hollister v. Simonson, 45 N.Y. Supp. 426.) The cases cited by the learned counsel for the defendant ( Smith v. Bodine, 74 N.Y. 30, 33; Walker v. Spencer, 86 id. 162, and the like) do not apply. I find that the agreement between the parties was for a joint enterprise to which each contributed certain capital for the purpose of joint profit, subject to the risk of joint loss. The law countenances and upholds such a business arrangement as this, though by parol. ( Chester v. Dickerson, 54 N.Y. 1; Traphagen v. Burt, 67 id. 30.) Though the property stands in defendant's name, equity regards her as a trustee. ( Williams v. Gillies, 75 N.Y. 202.) The proof of plaintiff's interest was competent. ( Teschmacher v. Lenz, 82 Hun, 594.) The realty is regarded as partnership property and is so dealt with. ( Buchan v. Sumner, 2 Barb. Ch. 167; Collumb v. Read, 24 N.Y. 505; Fairchild v. Fairchild, 64 id. 471.) Judgment for plaintiff, with costs.