Opinion
A92A0635.
DECIDED JUNE 1, 1992. RECONSIDERATION DENIED JUNE 23, 1992.
Speeding. Rockdale State Court. Before Judge Nation.
Hugh K. Brown, pro se. Nancy N. Bills, Solicitor, Alan S. Clarke, Assistant Solicitor, for appellee.
Hugh K. Brown was tried before a jury in state court and convicted of speeding. He appeals from the denial of his motion for new trial.
Appellant asserts the general grounds, contending specifically that the State did not lay the foundation required for admission of evidence of speed obtained by radar detection devices as set forth in Wiggins v. State, 249 Ga. 302, 304-305 (2) (a) ( 290 S.E.2d 427) (1982), and that when the radar evidence is excluded the remaining evidence is insufficient to support the jury's verdict. Appellant is correct that the State failed to establish all of the foundation elements set forth in Wiggins that remain applicable to state troopers, see Carver v. State, 199 Ga. App. 842 ( 406 S.E.2d 236) (1991), as the State did not introduce evidence as to the State Patrol's licensing and annual certification of its radar devices. See OCGA § 40-14-4. Contrary to the State's contention, appellant's failure to interpose a timely objection on this basis at trial does not preclude him from raising this issue on appeal, for this court has held that establishment of the necessary foundation for radar detection device speed evidence is a prerequisite to admissibility even in the absence of an objection. Johnson v. State, 189 Ga. App. 192, 193 ( 375 S.E.2d 290) (1988). But see Gray v. State, 156 Ga. App. 117, 118 (1) ( 274 S.E.2d 115) (1980).
Nonetheless, the state trooper who issued the citation to appellant also testified that he observed appellant driving in excess of the speed limit before he turned on the radar device, and that in accordance with his usual practice he used the radar device only to confirm what he had already observed. Opinion testimony of an eyewitness may be used to establish speed, its credibility being for the jury to determine, Hixson v. Barrow, 135 Ga. App. 519, 522 (2) ( 218 S.E.2d 253) (1975), and such evidence is sufficient to authorize a jury to conclude that the speeding laws have been violated. See Walker v. State, 163 Ga. App. 638-639 (1) ( 295 S.E.2d 574) (1982). Consequently, we find the evidence sufficient to authorize appellant's conviction for speeding under the standard set forth in Jackson v. Virginia, 443 U.S. 307 (99 SC 2781, 61 L.Ed.2d 560) (1979). Accord Gray, supra at 118 (2).
Judgment affirmed. McMurray, P. J., and Cooper, J., concur.