Opinion
1121 CA 16-02339.
10-06-2017
Carla BRASHAW and Sean Brashaw, Plaintiffs–Appellants, v. Elliot C. COHEN, M.D., and New Concepts Obstetrics and Gynecology, PLLC, Defendants–Respondents.
DeFrancisco & Falgiatano, LLP, East Syracuse (Charles Falgiatano of Counsel), for Plaintiffs–Appellants. Sugarman Law Firm, LLP, Syracuse (Zachary M. Mattison of Counsel), for Defendants–Respondents.
DeFrancisco & Falgiatano, LLP, East Syracuse (Charles Falgiatano of Counsel), for Plaintiffs–Appellants.
Sugarman Law Firm, LLP, Syracuse (Zachary M. Mattison of Counsel), for Defendants–Respondents.
PRESENT: CENTRA, J.P., PERADOTTO, NEMOYER, TROUTMAN, AND WINSLOW, JJ.
MEMORANDUM:Plaintiffs Carla Brashaw (mother) and Sean Brashaw (father) are the parents of an infant who died shortly after birth (decedent), and they commenced this medical malpractice action seeking to recover damages for emotional injuries that they allegedly sustained as a result of defendants' negligence in providing medical treatment while the mother was pregnant with the decedent. The relevant facts are not in dispute. In 2011, the mother became pregnant and began receiving treatment from defendant Elliot C. Cohen, M.D. The mother had a history of difficult pregnancies and, after approximately 20 weeks, Cohen diagnosed her as having an incompetent cervix and the mother was admitted to the hospital. Three days later, the mother delivered the decedent. Doctors at the hospital told plaintiffs that the decedent would not survive because his lungs were not fully developed and, indeed, he died only an hour after delivery. During his short life, the decedent had a slow heartbeat, was breathing, and could grab his father's finger, but his skin remained pale blue in color, he did not cry, and he did not move his arms and legs. The mother did not sustain an independent injury during the course of the pregnancy or the delivery.
Supreme Court properly granted defendants' motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint. Initially, we note that plaintiffs do not dispute that the action was properly dismissed insofar as it was brought by the father. Insofar as the action was brought by the mother, where, as here, an infant is injured in utero as a result of medical malpractice and is born alive, the mother cannot recover damages for emotional injuries without having sustained an independent injury as a result of the alleged malpractice (see Sheppard–Mobley v. King, 4 N.Y.3d 627, 636, 797 N.Y.S.2d 403, 830 N.E.2d 301 ; Ward v. Safajou, 145 A.D.3d 836, 837, 43 N.Y.S.3d 447, lv. denied 29 N.Y.3d 906, 2017 WL 1730913 ). Under such circumstances, the infant may commence an action seeking damages for his or her injuries (see Sheppard–Mobley, 4 N.Y.3d at 636, 797 N.Y.S.2d 403, 830 N.E.2d 301 ; Ward, 145 A.D.3d at 837, 43 N.Y.S.3d 447). Absent an independent injury, the mother can recover damages for emotional injuries arising from medical malpractice that causes an in utero injury only if that malpractice results in miscarriage or stillbirth (see Broadnax v. Gonzalez, 2 N.Y.3d 148, 155, 777 N.Y.S.2d 416, 809 N.E.2d 645 ; Ward, 145 A.D.3d at 837, 43 N.Y.S.3d 447).
We reject plaintiffs' contention that this case falls into a "logical gap" left open by Broadnax and Sheppard–Mobley. In Broadnax, the Court of Appeals allowed a mother to bring an action to recover damages for emotional injuries "where otherwise none would be available to redress the wrongdoing that resulted in a miscarriage or stillbirth" ( Sheppard–Mobley, 4 N.Y.3d at 637, 797 N.Y.S.2d 403, 830 N.E.2d 301 ; see Broadnax, 2 N.Y.3d at 155, 777 N.Y.S.2d 416, 809 N.E.2d 645 ). Later, in Sheppard–Mobley, the Court expressly declined to expand that doctrine to a situation where the injured infant was born alive and thus was capable of bringing his or her own action (see Sheppard–Mobley, 4 N.Y.3d at 637, 797 N.Y.S.2d 403, 830 N.E.2d 301 ; see also Ward, 145 A.D.3d at 837, 43 N.Y.S.3d 447). Insofar as plaintiffs contend that the mother should be able to recover damages for emotional injuries because a wrongful death cause of action would not have a viable accompanying cause of action for conscious pain and suffering, we conclude that this is an inherent aspect of wrongful death actions rather than a specific problem with prenatal medical malpractice actions (see generally Anderson v. Rowe, 73 A.D.2d 1030, 1031, 425 N.Y.S.2d 180 ). Whether to allow a plaintiff to recover damages for emotional injuries under such circumstances is a matter for the Legislature.
It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously affirmed without costs.