Opinion
March 3, 1941.
April 18, 1941.
Workmen's compensation — Permanent injuries — Disability connected therewith — Section 306(c) of Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended April 13, 1927, P.L. 186.
1. Under section 306(c) of the Workmen's Compensation Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as further amended by the Act of April 13, 1927, P.L. 186, the amount specified to be paid for the permanent injuries therein enumerated includes all incapacity to labor that may be connected therewith, whether it be total, partial, or no incapacity at all.
2. Where it has been adjudicated that a claimant's injuries consist of the loss of a finger and the permanent loss of the use of a thumb within paragraph 306(c), claimant is required, in order to obtain any additional compensation for partial or total disability, to establish by clear and substantial proof that by reason of the destruction or injury of other portions or organs of his body as a direct result of the accident sustained in the course of his employment, he is suffering a disability separate, apart and distinct from the disability normally incident to the loss of the members compensated for under paragraph 306(c).
Workmen's compensation — Practice — Award for permanent injuries — Appeal — Rehearing — Conclusiveness of judgment.
3. If the findings of the referee do not include every permanent injury sustained by the claimant, compensable under section 306(c), or if there is any error in the calculation of the amount of compensation payable, it is the duty of the claimant to appeal from the award of the referee to the board within the time fixed by the statute, or petition the board for a rehearing, under section 426.
4. Where judgment is entered in favor of claimant upon the award, and no appeal therefrom is taken, the judgment may not after the expiration of the time for appeal be opened to include therein any additional permanent injuries.
Appeal, No. 5, Feb. T., 1941, from order of C.P. Luzerne Co., Jan. T., 1940, No. 9, in case of Frank Bordick v. John Conlon Coal Company.
Before KELLER, P.J., CUNNINGHAM, BALDRIGE, STADTFELD, RHODES and HIRT, JJ. Order reversed.
Appeal by claimant from decision of Workmen's Compensation Board refusing additional award.
The facts are stated in the opinion of the Superior Court.
Appeal sustained, conclusion of board reversed and record remitted for further findings, opinion by VALENTINE, J. Defendant appealed.
Errors assigned, among others, related to the action of the court below in sustaining claimant's exceptions.
Leo W. White, for appellant. E.C. Marianelli, for appellee.
Argued March 3, 1941.
The basis of the controversy in this workmen's compensation case was an attempt by the claimant, after he had been paid the full amount of a judgment — $1338.11 — entered upon a litigated award of compensation under Section 306 (c) of our Workmen's Compensation Act of June 2, 1915, P.L. 736, as amended by the Act of April 13, 1927, P.L. 186, 77 P. S. § 513, for permanent injuries accidentally sustained September 5, 1935, and consisting of the loss of his right index finger, the permanent loss of the use of his right thumb and serious and permanent disfigurement of his face, to tack on to that award an additional award, under Section 306 (b), for a partial disability from which he was suffering in February, 1939.
Neither the compensation board nor the court below seems to have realized that under the principles announced by our Supreme Court in Lente v. Luci, 275 Pa. 217, 119 A. 132, the only possible basis for such an award would be clear and substantial proof by the claimant that he had a partial disability separate, apart and distinct from the disability normally incident to the loss of the members above mentioned, and which was attributable to the destruction or injury of other portions or organs of his body as a direct result of the accident sustained in the course of his employment. It would not be sufficient for claimant to show merely that he was suffering a partial disability which affected his earning power at the time of the application with which we are now concerned. He had already been paid "for all disability resulting from [the] permanent injuries" upon which the prior award under Section 306 (c) was based. It has been repeatedly held that the amounts specified in paragraph 306 (c) to be paid for the permanent injuries therein enumerated "include all incapacity to labor that may be connected therewith, whether it be total, partial, or no incapacity at all." Failure to observe the distinction to which we have referred has resulted in more or less confusion in this record, but the essential features of the case may be thus outlined.
During the course of his employment as a miner's laborer with the defendant company on September 5, 1935, claimant, along with his miner, was engaged in tamping a hole which they had drilled and charged with dynamite. As a result of a premature explosion claimant suffered injuries thus described in his claim petition: "Injury to right hand, arm and face, necessitating amputation of right index finger. Right thumb injured. Right side of face bears marks of permanent disfigurement. Injuries caused by a blast." For some unexplained reason, the disposition of the claim was delayed until December 23, 1936, upon which date the referee entered a disallowance of compensation upon the ground that claimant was tamping the hole with an iron pipe in violation of the "Anthracite Mining Laws of Pennsylvania."
Upon claimant's appeal to it, the board held the employer had not shown by the required preponderance of evidence that claimant had been using a forbidden instrument in charging the hole for blasting and remanded the record to the referee for the purpose of ascertaining the extent of his injuries. After a further hearing the referee found the claimant had suffered the loss of his right index finger, which was amputated, the loss of the use of his right thumb, and permanent disfigurement of his head and face. An award was accordingly made on March 14, 1938, of compensation, at the rate of $9.94 a week, for the aggregate period of 120 weeks beginning September 12, 1935, — thirty-five weeks for the loss of the finger, sixty for the thumb, and twenty-five for disfigurement — which period had already expired. Upon the employer's appeal this award was affirmed by the board and upon its further appeal to the common pleas its exceptions were dismissed and judgment was entered upon the award in favor of the claimant on October 24, 1938, which judgment was paid the following month.
Clearly, this was a final adjudication of every matter which was litigated or involved in the issue which arose under the claim petition and the employer's answer thereto. If the findings of the referee did not include every permanent injury sustained by the claimant, compensable under Section 306 (c), or if there was any error in the calculation of the amount of compensation payable, it was the plain duty of the claimant to appeal from the award of the referee to the board within the time fixed by the statute, or at least petition the board for a rehearing, under Section 426, before the common pleas took "final action" upon the appeal of the employer. He did neither.
On February 10, 1939, after the expiration of the period of 120 weeks but within the 300 week period following the accident, claimant filed a petition entitled, "Petition for Modification of Award on Ground of Changed Disability," and reading: "Frank Bordick, an employe, a party to Claim Petition No. A-19324, hereby petitions your Honorable Board to modify the said award and as ground for the petition alleges that the disability of Frank Bordick entitled to compensation under the said award has increased as follows: The claimant's disability has increased in that he has become partially disabled as a result of the injuries to his right arm sustained on September 5, 1935. And in support thereof the following facts are stated: The claimant has sustained a loss of earning power as a result of said increased disability."
This petition is manifestly an application under the second paragraph of Section 413 for a modification of the award of March 14, 1938, upon the ground of a change in the claimant's physical condition resulting in an increase of disability. It may be noted in connection with Section 413, which deals primarily with matters of procedure, that at the date the petition was filed the Act of June 4, 1937, P.L. 1552, 77 P. S. § 772, effective January 1, 1938, was in force, which act omitted from the paragraph in question the provision to the effect that awards made for a definite period may be reviewed only during the time such an award has to run, and as the petition was filed within one year after the payment of the judgment we think the board had jurisdiction to dispose of the petition upon its merits.
The defendant employer in its answer denied there had been any increase in disability and averred claimant had been paid in full for his permanent injuries. At the hearing before the referee the testimony of claimant, and of Dr. I.C. Morgan called by him, was taken. Dr. Morgan, who had never examined claimant until the day of the hearing, testified in substance with respect to claimant's right arm and hand that his examination disclosed the forearm was somewhat atrophied and had a large scar upon it; that there was some limitation of the wrist and a limitation of about 60% in the flexion of the remaining three fingers; and that in his opinion claimant was 50% disabled.
Such testimony would have been material at the hearing upon the extent of claimant's permanent injuries and in the determination of the number of weeks during which he was entitled to receive compensation under Section 306(c), but it had no bearing upon the question whether or not there had been any subsequent increase in his disability. Upon that question claimant's own testimony seems to be in direct contradiction of the averments of his petition for additional compensation. During his cross-examination he testified: "Q. How long after your injury, September 5, 1935, did you begin to notice anything wrong with the motion of your hand or strength in your fingers or your wrist or your forearm? A. I knew that right along. Q. You knew that all the time? A. Yes, sir. Q. Did you know it when you filed your petition in December, 1935? A. Well, I knew it but I didn't say anything because I didn't know what was going to happen to the compensation. I thought they would take care of it. . . . . . Q. You had the same complaint you have now about your arm, you had from the time you filed your first claim? A. Yes, sir. Q. And it hasn't improved any? A. No, sir. Q. And it was the same when you received your compensation on that claim? A. It was the same."
Ignoring the issue raised by the petition and answer before him, as well as the conclusive effect of the judgment of October 24, 1938, the referee made a finding that claimant had suffered "the loss of the industrial use of [his] right arm," and made an award under Section 306(c) of 95 additional weeks, or a total of 215 weeks. The board, pointing out, inter alia, that the record contained "no testimony of any increase of disability since claimant filed his claim petition," reversed the action of the referee and dismissed the petition for additional compensation. In considering claimant's appeal to it, the common pleas said: "The contention of the claimant is that although technically the petition prayed for a modification of the award upon the allegation that his disability had increased, (which was not established) that the petition should have been treated as a petition for additional compensation inasmuch as claimant was suffering from a permanent partial disability."
After further stating the referee "might have been warranted in finding that claimant suffered permanent partial disability," the court below, by an order dated February 6, 1940, remitted the record for "distinct findings as to the claimant's present condition." The present appeal is by the employer from that order. No question has been raised by claimant as to the appealability of the order.
The error of the court below, as we view the case, consists in failing to note that the question involved is not whether claimant is suffering from a permanent partial disability, or the extent thereof. Any employee who has lost the index finger and thumb of his right hand naturally has some disability. But if, as here, he has been paid the compensation fixed by Section 306(c) for the loss of those members, he is not entitled, under Lente v. Luci, supra, to an additional award under Section 306(b) for such partial disability, unless he has shown by clear and substantial evidence that the disability for which he seeks additional compensation is a disability separate, apart and distinct from that which normally flows from the loss of the members, and is directly attributable to the destruction or injury of some other portions or organs of his body through the accident. The legislature has expressly provided that the compensation fixed by Section 306(c) shall cover "all disability" resulting from the permanent injuries therein described.
We find no evidence upon this record which would sustain an additional award of compensation under Section 306(b), and, of course, the final judgment of October 24, 1938, cannot now be opened to include therein any additional permanent injuries. Compare Ernst v. Sassaman, 117 Pa. Super. 353, 178 A. 317; McClelland v. B. O.R.R. Co., 137 Pa. Super. 158, 8 A.2d 498; Porto v. Phila. Reading C. I. Co. 137 Pa. Super. 590, 10 A.2d 29; Stohan v. Rockhill Coal Iron Co., 140 Pa. Super. 146, 14 A.2d 229.
Our conclusion from an examination of the entire record is that claimant's petition for additional compensation should have been dismissed upon its merits.
Order of February 6, 1940, reversed and petition dismissed.