Summary
In Bisonette, plaintiff commenced a negligence action to recover damages for injuries allegedly sustained by her daughter and son when the vehicle in which they were riding struck a tree.
Summary of this case from Higgins v. CutlerOpinion
93340
Decided and Entered: July 31, 2003.
Appeal from an order of the Supreme Court (Demarest, J.), entered October 8, 2002 in St. Lawrence County, which granted defendants' motion for summary judgment dismissing the complaint.
Fischer, Bessette Muldowney, Malone (Richard F. Hunter of counsel), for appellant.
Law Offices of Craig Niederpruem, Utica (Theresa M. Zehe of counsel), for respondents.
Before: Cardona, P.J., Mercure, Crew III, Rose and Lahtinen, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER
Plaintiff commenced this negligence action to recover damages for injuries allegedly sustained by her daughter, Bronwen, and her son, Owen, when the vehicle in which they were riding struck a tree on January 23, 2000. Defendants moved for summary judgment dismissing the complaint on the ground that the serious injury threshold of Insurance Law § 5102(d) was not satisfied. In support of their motion, defendants cited Bronwen's medical records, which report only minor physical injuries, and plaintiff's deposition testimony stating that Bronwen is quieter and not as outgoing as she was before the accident, and that no psychologist, psychiatrist or other medical expert has examined her since then. In response to defendants' motion, plaintiff conceded that Bronwen's medical records do not establish a serious injury under Insurance Law § 5102(d), but she argued that she need not show such an injury because Bronwen experienced emotional distress as a result of being in the "zone of danger" and observing the injuries suffered by her brother and her father, defendant Kirk R. Compo (see Bovsun v. Sanperi, 61 N.Y.2d 219, 228). Supreme Court granted defendants' motion, and plaintiff appeals.
Plaintiff's claim for injuries sustained by her son was separately settled and is not involved in this appeal.
Although we recognize that a causally-related emotional injury, alone or in combination with a physical injury, can constitute a serious injury under the Insurance Law (see Chapman v. Capoccia, 283 A.D.2d 798, 799; Kristel v. Mitchell, 270 A.D.2d 598, 599; Sellitto v. Casey, 268 A.D.2d 753, 755-756; Cushing v. Seemann, 247 A.D.2d 891, 892-893; Spinrad v. Gasser, 235 A.D.2d 687, 688-689), such injury — as well as being "serious and verifiable" (Bovsun v. Sanperi, supra at 231-232) — must also be established by objective medical evidence (see Chapman v. Capoccia, supra at 799) and causally related to the motor vehicle accident (see Kristel v. Mitchell, supra at 599). Here, Bronwen's medical records contain no examination, diagnosis or treatment of any emotional or psychological condition, and plaintiff does not allege that any medical expert has identified such an injury or causally linked it to the accident. Under these circumstances, Supreme Court properly granted defendants' motion for summary judgment.
Cardona, P.J., Mercure, Crew III and Lahtinen, JJ., concur.
ORDERED that the order is affirmed, with costs.