Opinion
563 CA 21-01754
06-30-2023
Torsten BEHRENS, M.D., and Josephine Zagarella, Plaintiffs-Appellants, v. CITY OF BUFFALO, et al., Defendants, and Noel Sutton, Defendant-Respondent.
TIVERON LAW PLLC, AMHERST (TYLER J. ECKERT OF COUNSEL), FOR PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS. RUPP PFALZGRAF LLC, BUFFALO (CHRISTOPHER R. BITAR OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-RESPONDENT.
TIVERON LAW PLLC, AMHERST (TYLER J. ECKERT OF COUNSEL), FOR PLAINTIFFS-APPELLANTS.
RUPP PFALZGRAF LLC, BUFFALO (CHRISTOPHER R. BITAR OF COUNSEL), FOR DEFENDANT-RESPONDENT.
PRESENT: PERADOTTO, J.P., LINDLEY, OGDEN, AND GREENWOOD, JJ.
MEMORANDUM AND ORDER It is hereby ORDERED that the order so appealed from is unanimously affirmed without costs.
Memorandum: Plaintiffs commenced this action seeking damages for, inter alia, false arrest and abuse of process. Plaintiffs appeal from an order that, inter alia, granted the motion of Noel Sutton (defendant) to dismiss the complaint against him pursuant to CPLR 3211 (a) (5) and (7). We affirm.
Plaintiffs contend that Supreme Court erred in dismissing the seventh cause of action, for abuse of process, to the extent that it is asserted by Torsten Behrens, M.D. (plaintiff), against defendant. We note at the outset that, by failing to brief the remaining claims and causes of action that were dismissed against defendant, plaintiffs have abandoned those claims and causes of action (see Kammerer v. Mercado , 195 A.D.3d 1513, 1514, 145 N.Y.S.3d 888 [4th Dept. 2021], lv denied 38 N.Y.3d 905, 2022 WL 1222410 [2022] ; Cunningham v. Mary Agnes Manor Mgt., L.L.C. , 188 A.D.3d 1560, 1562, 136 N.Y.S.3d 584 [4th Dept. 2020] ; see generally Ciesinski v. Town of Aurora , 202 A.D.2d 984, 984, 609 N.Y.S.2d 745 [4th Dept. 1994] ).
Contrary to plaintiffs’ contention, we conclude that the court properly dismissed plaintiff's abuse of process claim against defendant as untimely. Abuse of process is an intentional tort that is subject to the one-year statute of limitations (see CPLR 215 [3] ; Bittner v. Cummings , 188 A.D.2d 504, 506, 591 N.Y.S.2d 429 [2d Dept. 1992] ). Plaintiff's claim at issue accrued on January 7, 2019, when criminal charges were filed against plaintiff, and plaintiffs commenced this action more than one year later. We reject plaintiffs’ contention that the claim did not accrue until the criminal charges were dismissed against plaintiff (see Cunningham v. State of New York , 53 N.Y.2d 851, 853, 440 N.Y.S.2d 176, 422 N.E.2d 821 [1981] ; Keller v. Butler , 246 N.Y. 249, 255, 158 N.E. 510 [1927] ; see generally Kronos, Inc. v. AVX Corp. , 81 N.Y.2d 90, 94, 595 N.Y.S.2d 931, 612 N.E.2d 289 [1993] ).
In any event, we further conclude that the court properly dismissed plaintiff's abuse of process claim against defendant for failure to state a claim. "On a motion to dismiss pursuant to CPLR 3211, the pleading is to be afforded a liberal construction" ( Leon v. Martinez , 84 N.Y.2d 83, 87, 614 N.Y.S.2d 972, 638 N.E.2d 511 [1994] ). We must "accept the facts as alleged in the complaint as true, accord plaintiffs the benefit of every possible favorable inference, and determine only whether the facts as alleged fit within any cognizable legal theory" ( id. at 87-88, 614 N.Y.S.2d 972, 638 N.E.2d 511 ).
"Abuse of process has three essential elements: (1) regularly issued process, either civil or criminal, (2) an intent to do harm without excuse or justification, and (3) use of the process in a perverted manner to obtain a collateral objective" ( Curiano v. Suozzi , 63 N.Y.2d 113, 116, 480 N.Y.S.2d 466, 469 N.E.2d 1324 [1984] ; see Chambers v. Town of Shelby , 211 A.D.3d 1456, 1459, 182 N.Y.S.3d 399 [4th Dept. 2022] ; Liss v. Forte , 96 A.D.3d 1592, 1593, 947 N.Y.S.2d 270 [4th Dept. 2012] ). Here, the complaint insofar as it concerns the claim at issue fails to state the third element. The complaint simply states that defendant's use of process furthered the goal of harassing and intimidating plaintiff. "A malicious motive alone, however, does not give rise to a cause of action for abuse of process" ( Curiano , 63 N.Y.2d at 117, 480 N.Y.S.2d 466, 469 N.E.2d 1324 ; see Chambers , 211 A.D.3d at 1459, 182 N.Y.S.3d 399 ; Place v. Ciccotelli , 121 A.D.3d 1378, 1380, 995 N.Y.S.2d 348 [3d Dept. 2014] ). There is no collateral objective identified in the complaint with respect to defendant's use of the legal process against plaintiff (see DeMartino v. Golden , 150 A.D.3d 1200, 1201-1202, 52 N.Y.S.3d 892 [2d Dept. 2017] ; Perez v. Mount Sinai Med. Ctr. , 297 A.D.2d 615, 615-616, 747 N.Y.S.2d 479 [1st Dept. 2002] ; cf. D'Amico v. Correctional Med. Care, Inc. , 120 A.D.3d 956, 960, 991 N.Y.S.2d 687 [4th Dept. 2014] ; see also Wilner v. Village of Roslyn , 99 A.D.3d 702, 704, 952 N.Y.S.2d 71 [2d Dept. 2012] ).
Plaintiffs’ alternative contention that the seventh cause of action states a claim by plaintiff against defendant for malicious prosecution is raised for the first time on appeal and is not properly before us (see Mohrman v. Johns , 210 A.D.3d 1075, 1076, 179 N.Y.S.3d 293 [2d Dept. 2022] ; Walker v. George , 97 A.D.3d 741, 741, 949 N.Y.S.2d 106 [2d Dept. 2012] ; Valeriano v. Rome Sentinel Co. , 43 A.D.3d 1357, 1358, 842 N.Y.S.2d 805 [4th Dept. 2007] ). "An issue may not be raised for the first time on appeal ... where[, as here], it ‘could have been obviated or cured by factual showings or legal countersteps’ in the trial court" ( Oram v. Capone , 206 A.D.2d 839, 840, 615 N.Y.S.2d 799 [4th Dept. 1994] ). We also do not consider plaintiffs’ contentions that are raised for the first time in their reply brief (see Solvay Bank v. Feher Rubbish Removal, Inc. , 187 A.D.3d 1596, 1597, 129 N.Y.S.3d 887 [4th Dept. 2020] ).