Opinion
2010-09-28
Ravi BATRA, Plaintiffv.Dick WOLF, Lydia Mayberry, Eric Overmyer, Noah Baylin, Mary Gambardella, Jennifer Von Mayrhauser, Ruth Pontious, Sandy Deblasio, Anne Newton-harding, Michael Struk, Park Dietz, Wolf Films, Richard Sweren, Peter Jankowski, Jeffrey Hayes, Matthew Penn, Michael S. Chernuchin, David Post, Lorenzo Carcaterra, Aaron Zelman, Marc Guggenheim, Gary Karr, William N. Fordes, Roz Weinman, Arthur W. Forney, Wendy Battles, Kati Johnston, Richard Dobbs, Lynn Kressel Casting, NBC Television, Universal Network Television LLC, NBC Universal NY, and Universal Studios, Defendants.
Ravi Batra Esq., New York, Plaintiff.Elizabeth McNamara Esq., Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, New York, for Defendants.
Ravi Batra Esq., New York, Plaintiff.Elizabeth McNamara Esq., Davis Wright Tremaine LLP, New York, for Defendants.LUCY BILLINGS, J.
Plaintiff, a New York attorney, sues defendants, all associated in various capacities with the television series Law & Order, for defamation arising from the depiction of a lead character in the “Floater” episode of Law & Order. He claims the episode was based on the scandal involving crimes by attorney Paul Siminovsky and Justice Gerald Garson, with which news media falsely had associated plaintiff, and cast an Indian American of his age with the same first name in the Siminovsky role.
Plaintiff moves to compel disclosure. C.P.L.R. § 3124. This decision and order address plaintiff's request for production of specific documents. C.P.L.R. § 3120. Upon oral argument, the court grants plaintiff's motion for the reasons and to the extent explained below.
I. PRIVILEGE
As the parties claiming an attorney-client privilege, defendants bear the burden to demonstrate confidential communications between an attorney and a client in the course of the attorney's employment. C.P.L.R. § 4503; Spectrum Sys. Intl. Corp. v. Chemical Bank, 78 N.Y.2d 371, 377–78, 575 N.Y.S.2d 809, 581 N.E.2d 1055 (1991); People v. Osorio, 75 N.Y.2d 80, 84, 550 N.Y.S.2d 612, 549 N.E.2d 1183 (1989); Gulf Ins. Co. v. Transatlantic Reins. Co., 13 A.D.3d 278, 280, 788 N.Y.S.2d 44 (1st Dep't 2004). Privileged attorney-client communications are absolutely immune from disclosure. C.P.L.R § 3101(b). A. A Form Filled Out by Defendant Overmyer Regarding Whether “Floater” Was Inspired by Real Events
The first document on defendants' privilege log as acknowledged by defendants, a form filled out by defendant Eric Overmyer, the author of “Floater,” indicating whether it was inspired by real events, is not privileged because Overmyer did not reasonably expect the form to be confidential. C.P.L.R. § 4503(a); People v. Osorio, 75 N.Y.2d at 84, 550 N.Y.S.2d 612, 549 N.E.2d 1183; Aetna Cas. & Sur. Co. v. Certain Underwriters at Lloyd's, 263 A.D.2d 367, 368, 692 N.Y.S.2d 384 (1st Dep't.1999). Overmyer testified at his deposition that he simply completed the form and handed it back to an assistant, without knowledge or concern as to the form's purpose or whether an attorney would review the form, and without any attempt to assure that the form reached its ultimate recipient in confidence. Overmyer did not simply transmit the form to an attorney through a secretary, People v. Osorio, 75 N.Y.2d at 84, 550 N.Y.S.2d 612, 549 N.E.2d 1183; instead, Overmyer handed over the form without any instruction, intent, or expectation that it ever be transmitted to an attorney, be used for legal advice or services, or be kept confidential. Overmyer further testified that after he completed the form, he had no idea where the form went or with whom it was exchanged.
Defendants' privilege log describes this form as privileged because it is correspondence from defendant Michael Chernuchin, the “show runner” for the “Floater” episode, to Patricia Cannon, Vice President for Legal Affairs at NBC Universal Television Group, seeking legal advice. Although that entity's name is not identical to any defendant named, she attests that she served as counsel to Law & Order's writers and producers. In any event, Chernuchin's eventual receipt and forwarding of a non-privileged document to an attorney does not then transform the document into a privileged one. Spectrum Sys. Intl. Corp. v. Chemical Bank, 78 N.Y.2d at 379, 575 N.Y.S.2d 809, 581 N.E.2d 1055; Rossi v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Greater NY, 73 N.Y.2d 588, 594, 542 N.Y.S.2d 508, 540 N.E.2d 703 (1989).
Further on the receiving end of the form, Patricia Cannon describes her responsibilities as including the provision of legal advice and services for the production of Law & Order. She never specifies, however, that she ever provided legal advice or services for the “Floater” episode, let alone that she used the form for that purpose, if only to arrive at a legal opinion that the episode posed no legal concerns or to communicate any such concern or render any service to a client. In fact, both Overmyer and Chernuchin testified at their depositions that they never received any advice or service concerning the “Floater” episode. Absent any further justification for defendants' claim of privilege, defendants raise no question that even the court's in camera review might resolve. B. Communication by Cannon to Outside Counsel
Defendants describe the second document on their privilege log as communication of a “printed memorandum filled in with handwritten information,” the same description used for the first document on their log, from Cannon, whom the parties refer to as in-house counsel, to outside counsel for one or more of defendants. Aff. of Ravi Batra, Ex. 7. If these memoranda are the same form, then, just as Chernuchin forwarding the form to in-house counsel does not cloak the form in privilege, in-house counsel simply forwarding it to outside counsel accomplishes nothing more. Spectrum Sys. Intl. Corp. v. Chemical Bank, 78 N.Y.2d at 379, 575 N.Y.S.2d 809, 581 N.E.2d 1055; Rossi v. Blue Cross & Blue Shield of Greater NY, 73 N.Y.2d at 594, 542 N.Y.S.2d 508, 540 N.E.2d 703. If the second document on the privilege log refers to a different “printed memorandum filled in with handwritten information,” then defendants must provide the memorandum to the court for an in camera examination, to confirm that the second document on the log represents a confidential communication for the purpose of legal advice or services. C.P.L.R. § 4503(a); Spectrum Sys. Intl. Corp. v. Chemical Bank, 78 N.Y.2d at 381, 575 N.Y.S.2d 809, 581 N.E.2d 1055; People v. Osorio, 75 N.Y.2d at 84, 550 N.Y.S.2d 612, 549 N.E.2d 1183. C. Emails to Overmyer and Other Defendants That the Complaint Was Filed
Attorney-client privilege would protect emails from Cannon to Overmyer and other defendants, informing them the complaint in this action was filed, if the emails were confidential communications to the attorney's clients regarding the litigation. Spectrum Sys. Intl. Corp. v. Chemical Bank, 78 N.Y.2d at 378, 575 N.Y.S.2d 809, 581 N.E.2d 1055. Although defendants maintain that plaintiff only raises the issue whether Cannon actually represented Overmyer and other defendants after defendants have opposed his motion to compel and even after he has replied, defendants themselves raised the issue when they claimed a privilege in their opposition to plaintiff's motion. See Schultz v. Gershman, 68 A.D.3d 426, 891 N.Y.S.2d 323 (1st Dep't 2009); Jain v. New York City Tr. Auth., 27 A.D.3d 273, 809 N.Y.S.2d 911 (1st Dep't 2006); McNair v. Lee, 24 A.D.3d 159, 160, 805 N.Y.S.2d 67 (1st Dep't 2005); Morris v. Solow Mgt. Corp., 8 A.D.3d 126, 127, 779 N.Y.S.2d 29 (1st Dep't.2004). Regardless when the issue was raised, the fact that Overmyer and other defendants may not have been employed directly by defendant entities or NBC Universal Television Group would not waive the privilege regarding a confidential communication of legal advice between Cannon and defendants, because they shared a common interest in defending against plaintiff's claims. U.S. Bank N.A. v. APP Intl. Fin. Co., 33 A.D.3d 430, 431, 823 N.Y.S.2d 361 (1st Dep't.2006); 330 Acquisition Co., LLC v. Regency Sav. Bank, F.S.B., 12 A.D.3d 214, 783 N.Y.S.2d 805 (1st Dep't.2004).
Nevertheless, defendants have not supplied the information C.P.L.R. § 3122(b) requires, either on a privilege log or in an affidavit on personal knowledge. Defendants thus do not satisfy their burden to demonstrate privilege. C.P.L.R. § 4503; Spectrum Sys. Intl. Corp. v. Chemical Bank, 78 N.Y.2d at 377, 575 N.Y.S.2d 809, 581 N.E.2d 1055; People v. Osorio, 75 N.Y.2d at 84, 550 N.Y.S.2d 612, 549 N.E.2d 1183; Gulf Ins. Co. v. Transatlantic Reins. Co., 13 A.D.3d at 280, 788 N.Y.S.2d 44. They failed to support their boilerplate claim of privilege either in their opposition or at oral argument, by their attorney's supposition that “the emails, to my knowledge, were sent by in-house counsel.” Transcript of Proceedings at 23 (July 8, 2010) (emphasis added). Defendants therefore must produce a privilege log in conformance with C.P.L.R. § 3122(b), specifically identifying the emails defendants claim are privileged and explaining why. Defendants also must provide the emails to the court for an in camera review, to confirm that they, too, are confidential communications for purposes of legal services and thus subject to the attorney-client privilege. C.P.L.R. § 4503(a); Spectrum Sys. Intl. Corp. v. Chemical Bank, 78 N.Y.2d at 381, 575 N.Y.S.2d 809, 581 N.E.2d 1055; People v. Osorio, 75 N.Y.2d at 84, 550 N.Y.S.2d 612, 549 N.E.2d 1183.
II. RELEVANCE AND NEED
The standard allowing disclosure of “all matter material and necessary,” C.P.L.R. § 3101, is by those terms broad and to be “interpreted liberally to require disclosure, upon request, of any facts bearing on the controversy which will assist preparation for trial by sharpening the issues and reducing delay and prolixity.” Allen v. Crowell–Collier Publ. Co., 21 N.Y.2d 403, 406, 288 N.Y.S.2d 449, 235 N.E.2d 430 (1968); Osowski v. AMEC Constr. Mgt., Inc., 69 A.D.3d 99, 106, 887 N.Y.S.2d 11 (1st Dep't.2009). Although this standard is liberal, it is not a limitless carte blanche. Albert v. Time Warner Cable, 255 A.D.2d 248, 680 N.Y.S.2d 499 (1st Dep't.1998); Zohar v. Hair Club for Men, 200 A.D.2d 453, 454, 607 N.Y.S.2d 5 (1st Dep't.1994); Lopez v. Huntington Autohaus, 150 A.D.2d 351, 352, 540 N.Y.S.2d 874 (2d Dep't.1989). “The test is one of usefulness and reason ... to permit discovery of testimony which is sufficiently related to the issues in litigation to make the effort to obtain it in preparation for trial reasonable.” Allen v. Crowell–Collier Publ. Co., 21 N.Y.2d at 406–407, 288 N.Y.S.2d 449, 235 N.E.2d 430 (quotation omitted). A. Agreements Between Defendants or Their Business Entities and Co–Defendant Wolf Films or Any Unit of NBC or Universal Defendants Involved in the Production of “Floater”
Because the relationships between the various associated business entities and their employees involved in producing “Floater” are complex, so, too, is unravelling defendants' specific responsibilities. Any written agreements between these individuals and entities may be material if the documents clarify defendants' particular responsibilities in the development of the “Floater” episode. Employment contracts obviously show who employed whom, who was whose agent, and one defendant's potential responsibility for the conduct of a co-defendant, agent, or other collaborator.
Consequently, defendants must produce those parts of the requested agreements that pertain to any defendant's authority, role, or responsibilities in the production of Law & Order episodes, whether or not specific to “Floater.” Because the disclosure standard is not limitless, however, defendants may redact information in such agreements that is not pertinent. E.g., Anonymous v. New York State Dept. of Health, State Bd. for Professional Med. Conduct, 65 A.D.3d 491, 494, 884 N.Y.S.2d 410 (1st Dep't.2009); Detraglia v. Grant, 68 A.D.3d 1307, 1308, 890 N.Y.S.2d 696 (3d Dep't 2009). See Albert v. Time Warner Cable, 255 A.D.2d 248, 680 N.Y.S.2d 499; Zohar v. Hair Club for Men, 200 A.D.2d at 454, 607 N.Y.S.2d 5; Lopez v. Huntington Autohaus, 150 A.D.2d at 352, 540 N.Y.S.2d 874. B. Defendants' New York Times Subscription Delivery Tags
Plaintiff complains about a character in a finished television episode, not about a character merely in a script. Evidence of the news media consumed by defendants besides just the writer, who also were involved in production of the finished television show, is material and necessary because this evidence may indicate whether defendants were aware of plaintiff's characteristics or exposed to information about plaintiff on which defendants may have modeled the “Floater” character. Therefore they must produce the requested New York Times subscription tags for defendants besides Overmyer. C. Overmyer's Script for Another Law & Order Show
Plaintiff has not demonstrated any relation between his claims and a script Overmyer wrote several years before the “Floater” episode for a different television show. Bustos v. Lenox Hill Hosp., 29 A.D.3d 424, 426, 816 N.Y.S.2d 24 (1st Dep't.2006). The fact that the script may have contributed to Overmyer being hired at Law & Order does not illuminate Overmyer's actual functions at Law & Order or the creation of “Floater.” Therefore defendants need not produce any versions of a script Overmyer wrote for Law & Order: Criminal Intent.
III. DOCUMENTS ALREADY PRODUCED OR NOT IN DEFENDANTS' POSSESSION
Defendants maintain, and plaintiff acknowledges, that defendants already have produced color copies of script drafts and full size copies of a memorandum dated September 19, 2003, requested by plaintiff. Plaintiff also has accepted the affirmation of defendants' attorney that defendants do not possess or have any access to any newspaper articles defendants reviewed in creating “Floater” or materials defendants reviewed in preparing for their depositions, other than the articles and other materials already produced.
IV. CONCLUSION
For the foregoing reasons, the court grants plaintiff's motion to compel disclosure to the following extent. Within 20 days after service of notice of entry of this order, defendants shall produce:
(1) the form filled out by Overmyer indicating whether “Floater” was inspired by real events;
(2) agreements requested by plaintiff, insofar as they pertain to any defendant's authority, role, or responsibilities in the production of Law & Order episodes, whether or not specific to “Floater”; and
(3) New York Times subscription delivery tags for any defendants besides Overmyer.
C.P.L.R. §§ 3120(1)(i) and (2), 3124.
Further, defendants shall produce within the same time a privilege log that (1) identifies the emails defendants received, notifying them that a complaint had been filed in this action, and (2) specifies why defendants claim the emails are subject to the attorney-client privilege. C.P.L.R. §§ 3122(b), 4503. Finally, defendants shall deliver to the court, at 71 Thomas Street, Room 103, New York, New York, within the same time the second document listed on defendants' current privilege log and the emails described above, for an in camera examination. Spectrum Sys. Intl. Corp. v. Chemical Bank, 78 N.Y.2d at 381, 575 N.Y.S.2d 809, 581 N.E.2d 1055.
Other than the disclosure to which the parties stipulated on the record June 17, 2010, and July 8, 2010, the depositions ordered in the decision dated August 23, 2010, and the production of documents now ordered, the court denies plaintiff's motion to compel disclosure. This decision constitutes the court's further order.