Opinion
7:20-cv-2937 (PMH)
04-14-2020
MIRIAM BARETT, Plaintiff, v. TP TRUCKING CO. and OMAR TABARES, Defendants.
ORDER :
On or about February 19, 2020, Plaintiff Miriam Barett commenced an action in the Supreme Court State of New York, County of Bronx against Defendants TP Trucking and Omar Tabares (collectively "Defendants"). (Doc. 1, "Not. of Removal" ¶¶ 3-4). On April 9, 2020, Defendants served an answer to Plaintiff's complaint. Id. ¶ 6. That same day, Defendants removed this action from state court pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1441. Id. ¶ 1. In their Notice of Removal, Defendants assert that the action is removable "based on the original jurisdiction of this Court under 28 U.S.C. § 1332, which allows this Court to hear matters based on diversity of citizenship of the parties." Id. ¶ 8. According to Defendants, complete diversity exists because Defendant TP Trucking has its principal place of business in New Jersey and Defendant Tabares is a resident of New Jersey while Plaintiff Miriam Barett is a resident of New York. Id. ¶¶ 9-11. Furthermore, Defendants aver that they "believe in good-faith that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000.00 exclusive of interest and costs." Id. ¶ 12. The Plaintiff's verified complaint does not identify an amount in controversy. Id., Ex. 1, "Compl."
Federal courts "have an independent obligation to determine whether subject-matter jurisdiction exists, even in the absence of a challenge from any party." Nguyen v. FXCM Inc., 364 F. Supp. 3d 227, 237 (S.D.N.Y. 2019) (quoting Arbaugh v. Y & H Corp., 546 U.S. 500, 514 (2006)). For the reasons set forth below, the Court finds that it does not have subject-matter jurisdiction over this action pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1332 and remands the case to the state court from which it was removed.
Pursuant to 28 U.S.C. § 1441, "any civil action brought in state court of which the district courts of the United States have original jurisdiction, may be removed by the defendant." 28 U.S.C. § 1441(a). "The [federal] district courts shall have original jurisdiction of all civil actions where the matter in controversy exceeds the sum or value of $75,000, exclusive of interest and costs, and is between—(1) citizens of different States." 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a). "The Supreme Court has held that the party asserting diversity jurisdiction in federal court has the burden of establishing the existence of the jurisdictional amount in controversy." Villafana v. So, No. 13-CV-180, 2013 WL 2367792, at *1 (S.D.N.Y. May 29, 2013) (quoting Lupo v. Human Affairs Int'l, Inc., 28 F.3d 269, 273 (2d Cir. 1994)). While a defendant need not "prove the amount in controversy to an absolute certainty," the defendant "has the burden of proving that it appears to a reasonable probability that the claim is in excess of the statutory jurisdictional amount." Id. (quoting Mehlenbacher v. Akzo Nobel Salt, Inc., 216 F.3d 291, 296 (2d Cir. 2000)). "[I]f the jurisdictional amount is not clearly alleged in the plaintiff's complaint, and the defendants' notice of removal fails to allege facts adequate to establish that the amount in controversy exceeds the jurisdictional amount, federal courts lack diversity jurisdiction as a basis for removing the plaintiff's action from state court." Id. (quoting Lupo, 28 F.3d at 273-74).
Plaintiff's complaint alleges that she was injured in a motor vehicle accident. Compl. ¶¶ 20-21. In an action to recover damages for personal injuries in New York, a plaintiff's complaint "shall contain a prayer for general relief but shall not state the amount of damages to which the pleader deems [herself] entitled." New York's Civil Practice Law and Rules ("C.P.L.R.") § 3017(c). Thus, Plaintiff's complaint does not state a specific sum of money she seeks to recover from Defendants and asserts only that, "plaintiff has been damaged in a sum that exceeds the jurisdictional limits of all lower courts." Compl. ¶ 27. If removal of a civil suit from state court to federal court is premised on 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a) and "[s]tate practice . . . does not permit demand for a specific sum," removal is proper only "if the district court finds, by the preponderance of the evidence, that the amount in controversy exceeds [$75,000]." 28. U.S.C. § 1446(c)(2).
Defendants' Notice of Removal states that "Defendants believe in good-faith that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000.00 exclusive of interest and costs." Not. of Removal ¶ 12. However, in Defendants' answer to Plaintiff's complaint, Defendants deny that "plaintiff has been damaged in a sum that exceeds the jurisdictional limits of all lower courts," Not. of Removal, Ex. 2 ¶ 3, and assert that "[p]laintiff did not sustain a 'serious injury,'" id. ¶ 8. Defendants provide the Court no other factual support for their assertion that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000.
Federal courts are instructed to "construe the removal statute narrowly, resolving any doubts against removability." Lupo, 28 F.3d at 274 (quoting Somlyo v. J. Lu-Rob Enterprises, Inc., 932 F.2d 1043, 1046 (2d Cir. 1991)). Therefore, a mere conclusory statement that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000 is insufficient for the Court to determine by a preponderance of the evidence that the jurisdictional threshold of 28 U.S.C. § 1332(a) has been met. See Villafana, 2013 WL 2367792, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. May 29, 2013); Sailer v. Responsive Trucking, Inc., No. 12-CV-4822, 2012 WL 4888300, at *2 (S.D.N.Y. Oct. 15, 2012); see also Daversa v. Cowan Equip. Leasing, LLC, No. 20-CV-163, 2020 WL 967436, at *3 (E.D.N.Y. Feb. 28, 2020).
Because the Court concludes that Defendants have failed to satisfy their burden of establishing that the amount in controversy exceeds $75,000, the Court holds that removal from state court was improper. Accordingly, the action is remanded to the state court from which is was removed.
The Clerk is directed to send a copy of this Order to the Supreme Court of the State of New York, County of Bronx and to close this action. All pending matters are hereby terminated.
SO ORDERED. Dated: New York, New York
April 14, 2020
/s/_________
Philip M. Halpern
United States District Judge