Opinion
November 14, 1973.
April 3, 1974.
Practice — Trial — Jury's verdict — Recording of verdict — Juror's statement that it was not his verdict.
1. In this case it was Held that the court below erred in recording a verdict for defendants when one of the jurors said on being polled in open court that it was not his verdict but that he had agreed to it in the jury room.
2. It has long been the rule in Pennsylvania that the only verdict is that which is announced orally in court by the jury, and if at that time any juror disagrees, with or without poll, before the verdict is recorded then there is no verdict.
3. It is generally accepted that a juror, when polled in open court, has the right to dissent from a verdict to which he agreed in the jury room.
4. The verdict is not what the jurors agreed to in the jury room, but what they agree to in open court.
Before WRIGHT, P.J., WATKINS, JACOBS, HOFFMAN, CERCONE, and SPAETH, JJ. (SPAULDING, J., absent.)
Appeal, No. 311, April T., 1973, from judgment of Court of Common Pleas, Civil Division, of Allegheny County, July T., 1971, No. 2777, in case of Ronald Ray Barefoot, Administrator of the Estate of Ronald Duane Barefoot, Deceased, v. Penn Central Transportation Co. and George Pierce Baker, Willard Wertz, Jervis London, Jr., and Richard C. Bond, Trustees of the Property of Penn Central Transportation Co. Judgment reversed and new trial granted.
Trespass for wrongful death and survival action. Before WESSEL, J.
Verdict for defendant and judgment entered thereon. Plaintiff appealed.
John Daley, with him Barry M. Simpson, and Brennan Brennan, for appellant.
Richard S. Dorfzaun, with him Theodore O. Struk, Michael W. Burns, and Dickie, McCamey Chilcote, for appellee.
Argued November 14, 1973.
The issue presented by this appeal is whether the lower court erred in recording a verdict when one of the jurors had said on being polled in open court that it was not his verdict, but that he had earlier agreed to it in the jury room. We find there was no verdict to record, and, therefore, reverse.
Plaintiff commenced this suit in trespass against the Penn Central Transportation Company and the trustees of its property for the wrongful death of his decedent, Ronald Duane Barefoot, a 10-year-old boy. The case proceeded to trial, and the jury returned a written verdict slip finding the plaintiff and defendants negligent. The court below molded the verdict in favor of the defendants, and counsel for the plaintiff requested that the jury be polled. The first eleven jurors answered "yes" when asked by the clerk if this was their verdict, but the twelfth juror replied "no" when asked if this was his verdict. The lower court explained to this juror that their verdict had to be unanimous, and then asked: "Did you agree in the jury room that this would be unanimous and you would go along with the rest?" [Emphasis added.] The juror responded that it had been "one against eleven" and "that's why I agreed with them." The juror later added, "I had agreed in the first place, but I disagreed then." Then the lower court said: "Well, now, you can't play fast and loose, you either agree to it or you don't." The twelfth juror answered: "I agreed to it." [Emphasis added.] The lower court recorded the verdict for the defendants over plaintiff's objection. After a short discussion between the lower court and plaintiff's counsel, the lower court stated in conclusion: "I'm suggesting this to the jurors, once they make up their mind — there is no compulsion, they are entitled to their own convictions, their own thoughts on it, but once they agree to a verdict and that is unanimous then that's it. They don't agree to it and then come down here and say they didn't agree to it. The verdict will stand as recorded, and we'll note your exception." [Emphasis added.]
It has long been the rule in Pennsylvania that the only verdict is that which is announced orally in court by the jury, and if at that time any juror disagrees, with or without poll, before the verdict is recorded then there is no verdict. Pittsburgh v. Dinardo, 410 Pa. 376, 189 A.2d 886 (1963); Eastley v. Glenn, 313 Pa. 130, 169 A. 433 (1933); Kramer v. Kister, 187 Pa. 227, 40 A. 1008 (1898); Scott v. Scott, 110 Pa. 387, 2 A. 531 (1885). In Dinardo, the Pennsylvania Supreme Court, quoting from Eastley v. Glenn, supra at 133, 169 A. at 434, said: "The written verdict, prepared in the jury room and handed to the clerk, when it is objected to as in this case, is no part of the record and has absolutely no significance whatever as the verdict of the jury." Pittsburgh v. Dinardo, supra at 379, 189 A.2d at 888. Thus, it is generally accepted that a juror, when polled in open court, has the right to dissent from a verdict to which he has agreed in the jury room. Bruce v. Chestnut Farm-Chevy Chase Dairy, 126 F.2d 224 (D.C. Cir. 1942); Patterson v. Rossignol, 245 A.2d 852 (Me. 1968); 53 Am. Jur. Trial § 1019 (1945); 89 C.J.S. Trial § 487(c) (1955).
In the present case, the lower court erred in recording the verdict, for there was no verdict to record. The verdict is not what the jurors agreed to in the jury room, but what they agree to in open court. Here, the record only shows that the twelfth juror agreed to the verdict in the jury room. When asked in open court, "Is this your verdict?" he replied, "No." This juror never once said, "I now agree to the verdict," but only repeated, "I agreed to it." [Emphasis added.]
For the above reasons, the judgment of the court below is reversed, and the plaintiff is granted a new trial.