Opinion
CASE NO. 09-21871-CV-KING.
May 26, 2010
ORDER ON MOTIONS TO DISMISS
THIS CAUSE comes before the Court upon two motions to dismiss. One was filed by Stiefel Laboratories, Inc., Charles W. Stiefel, Brent D. Stiefel, Todd Stiefel, Lodewijk de Vink, Steve Karasick, Michael Cornelius, and Matt S. Pattullo (collectively, the "Stiefel Defendants") (DE #50), and one was filed by Terrence N. Bogush and Bogush Grady, LLP (collectively, the "Bogush Defendants") (DE #51). Plaintiffs have filed Responses (DE #57 58), and both sets of Defendants have filed Replies (DE #66 65).
The factual allegations in the Amended Complaint (DE #47) are substantially the same as those set forth in the original Complaint, and those allegations are summarized in the Court's Order Granting Motions to Dismiss in Part (DE #43). The inslant Motions to Dismiss are directed at the Amended Complaint, and the Court will address each motion in turn.
Two preliminary issues need to be addressed. First, Plaintiffs' suggestion that Defendants have waived arguments not raised in the first motion to dismiss is without merit. Under Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 12(h)(2), a defense of failure to state a claim is not waived by the failure to raise it in a first motion. Second, Plaintiffs failed to file their Amended Complaint within 30 days as required by Court Order. Plaintiffs argue that Federal Rule of Civil Procedure 6(d) provides them with 3 additional days. This is incorrect. Rule 6(d) adds 3 days when action must be taken "within a specified time after service." Here, Plaintiffs were not ordered to act within a specified time after service. When the Court orders action by a certain date, such action must be taken by that date, not 3 days later. In the interests of justice, however, the Court will accept Plaintiffs' late submissions.
I. The Stiefel Defendants' Motion to Dismiss
The Stiefel Defendants' first argument is that Plaintiff's lack standing to bring their ERISA claims. Claims under ERISA § 502(a) may be brought only by "participants," "fiduciaries," beneficiaries," and the Secretary of Labor. 29 U.S.C. § 1132(a). Participant is defined as "any employee or former employee . . . who is or may become eligible to receive a benefit of any type from an employee benefit plan." 29 U.S.C. § 1002(7). Thus, the Stiefel Defendants argue that Plaintiffs are not "participants" because they are no longer eligible to receive Plan benefits. This argument does not have merit. In Lanfear v. Home Depot, Inc., 536 F.3d 1217, 1222 (11th Cir. 2008), the Eleventh Circuit squarely addressed this issue, holding that "[a] complaint for the decrease in value of a defined contribution account due to a breach of fiduciary duty is not for damages because it is limited to the difference between the benefits actually received and the benefits that would have been received if the plan management had fulfilled its statutory obligations. Because their complaint is for benefits, not damages, the former employees qualify as participants." That is precisely the case here: Former employees are seeking the true value of their ERISA benefits, which is the fair market value of their company stock. See also LaRue v. DeWolff, Boberg Assocs., 552 U.S. 248, 256 n. 6 (2008) ("A plan 'participant,' as defined by § 3(7) of ERISA, 29 U.S.C. § 1002(7), may include a former employee with a colorable claim for benefits."). Thus, Plaintiffs qualify as participants.
The Stiefel Defendants' next argument is that ERISA § 502(a)(2) only authorizes relief on behalf of an ERISA Plan itself, and does not provide a basis for personal monetary recovery. While this may have been true before LaRue, the Supreme Court has recently held that, when examining the ERISA text as a whole, a participant may sue for fiduciary breaches that affect the value of Plan assets in an individual's account. LaRue, 552 U.S. at 256 ("We therefore hold that although § 502(a)(2) does not provide a remedy for individual injuries distinct from plan injuries, that provision does authorize recovery for fiduciary breaches that impair the value of plan assets in a participant's individual account."). Thus, Defendants are not entitled to dismissal on this basis.
Next, the Stiefel Defendants argue that ERSIA § 502(a)(3) only authorizes traditional forms of equitable relief, such as injunctions and restitution, and does not provided for monetary damages. This argument is premature, and may be addressed at a later stage in this litigation, such as summary judgment. At this point, it would be inappropriate for the Court to sort through Plaintiffs' counts to determine which ones authorize certain types of relief.
The Stiefel Defendants' next argument is that Plaintiffs have not pled sufficient facts showing that an ERISA prohibited transaction occurred. ERISA defines a "prohibited transaction" as, inter alia, a transaction between an ERISA plan and a "party in interest." 29 U.S.C. § 11069(a). Thus, the Stiefel Defendants argue that the transaction at issue was between Plaintiffs and Stiefel Laboratories, Inc. ("the Company"), neither of which is the ERISA Plan. However, the documents in the record regarding the transaction at issue show that Plaintiff Palakovich appointed the Plan to act as his agent to effectuate the sale of the stock. See DE #501. Thus, this was a transaction between the Plan and the Company, and the individual plaintiffs merely needed to authorize the selling of the shares that they "owned" but were held by the Plan. Therefore, Plaintiffs have alleged sufficient facts to assert a prohibited transaction under ERISA.
The Court also notes that, even if this were a transaction solely between Palakovich and the Company, the Plan should not be permitted to avoid the requirements of the statute by transferring the shares to a third party, then transferring them to a party in interest.
Next, the Stiefel Defendants argue that Plaintiffs have failed to state a claim for breach of ERISA fiduciary duties because there is no duty under ERISA to disclose corporate events that would affect the price of the stock. This is essentially the same argument that Defendants made in seeking dismissal of the securities fraud count. The Court rejects that argument for the same reasons: Although ordinarily ERISA fiduciaries, just like corporate directors, have no duty to disclose merger discussions, when those fiduciaries send communications to shareholders reporting the price of the stock while knowing that the price is probably inaccurate, such merger discussions constitute material information that must be disclosed. Defendants' reliance on Ervast v. Flexible Prods. Co., 346 F.3d 1007 (11th Cir. 2003), is misplaced. Ervast did not hold that directors are not required to disclose merger discussions. Moreover, in Ervast the plaintiff did not claim that his stock was valued incorrectly, he claimed that information about merger discussions would have affected his decision on when to retire, Therefore, Plaintiffs have adequately pled that defendants breached their fiduciary duties by failing to disclose material information which affected the fair market value of the stock — i.e., the benefit due to Plaintiffs under the Plan.
The Stiefel Defendants' next argument is that Plaintiffs have failed to state a claim for breach of ERISA fiduciary duties against the director defendants. That is, they argue that the directors merely appoint the ERISA fiduciaries, their duties are limited to monitoring the ERISA fiduciaries, and Plaintiffs have not pled any facts showing they were aware of wrongdoing but failed to correct it. However, as recognized in the Court's discussion of the securities fraud count, this argument ignores the allegations in the Complaint that establish that the directors knew that the communicated stock price was probably false. Thus, the allegations sufficiently establish that the director defendants knew of the wrongdoing but failed to correct it, and Plaintiffs' claims should not be dismissed on this basis.
Next, the Stiefel Defendants argue that the claim for improperly selecting the appraiser should be dismissed against all defendants except the Trustee because the Trustee is the only one responsible for appointing the appraiser. This argument is premature and may be raised at a later stage.
Next, the Stiefel Defendants argue that the claim for breach of co-fiduciary duty should be dismissed because ERISA creates liability for this type of breach only if the defendant knew about the other fiduciary's breach and failed to remedy it. See 29 U.S.C. § 1105(a)(3). They argue that Plaintiffs have failed to plead sufficient facts to show that the defendants knew about the other fiduciaries' breach. The Court disagrees. Plaintiffs have pled sufficient facts to proceed with this claim.
Finally, the Stiefel Defendants re-assert their argument that Count 5 (Florida Securities Act) and Count 7 (common law breach of corporate fiduciary duty) are preempted by ERISA. Although Plaintiffs have added several conclusory legal statements, they have made no new factual assertions regarding these claims, and therefore nothing about the Court's earlier preemption analysis has changed. Therefore, Counts 5 and 7 are preempted by ERISA and will be dismissed with prejudice.
II. The Bogush Defendants' Motion to Dismiss
III. Conclusion
See ORDERED, ADJUDGED, and DECREED
The Court declines to address the Bogush Defendants' preemption argument.
1. The Stiefel Defendants' Motion to Dismiss (DE #50) is hereby GRANTED in part, as follows:
a. The motion is granted with respect to Counts 5 and 7: Counts 5 (Florida Securities Act) and 7 (common law breach of corporate fiduciary duty) are hereby DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.
b. The motion is denied in all other respects.
2. The Bogush Defendants' Motion to Dismiss (DE #51) is hereby GRANTED. Count 6 (accountant malpractice) is hereby DISMISSED WITH PREJUDICE.
3. The Stiefel Defendants shall file an Answer to the remaining counts on or before June 11, 2010.DONE AND ORDERED in Chambers, at Miami, Miami-Dade County, Florida, this 26th day of May, 2010.