Opinion
Docket No. 111038.
Decided April 9, 1990.
Plunkett Cooney, P.C. (by Robert G. Kamenec and Charles Gano), for Auto-Owners Insurance Company.
Burns Spanos (by George D. Spanos), for the Estate of Henry Gordon Frost, Jr., deceased.
Stedman, Fershee Eckhold (by David W. Fershee), for Leslie J. Kalchik, individually and as next friend for Todd Allen Ferguson.
Stroup, Johnson Tresidder, P.C. (by Stephen J. Tresidder), for Beulah Marie Churchman, individually and as personal representative of the estate of Gary Wayne Churchman, deceased, and as next friend for Amber Rose Lynn Churchman and Brandon James Churchman.
Before: BRENNAN, P.J., and MICHAEL J. KELLY and CYNAR, JJ.
In this action for declaratory relief, plaintiff appeals by leave granted from an order denying plaintiff's motion for summary disposition entered on July 26, 1988, by the Emmet Circuit Court. MCR 2.116(C)(10).
Plaintiff argues that it does not owe its insured, the estate of Henry Gordon Frost, Jr., deceased, a duty to defend it in the underlying tort action, or a duty to indemnify it for any judgment rendered against it in that underlying suit. Plaintiff contends that the injury complained of in the underlying suit falls within the exclusion from policy coverage for "bodily injury . . . expected or intended by [the insured]." Plaintiff argues that the trial court erred by denying its motion for summary disposition on the basis that if Frost lacked the mental capacity to intend or expect the death of Gary Wayne Churchman the policy exclusion for "intended or expected" injuries would not apply.
For purposes of plaintiff's summary disposition motion only, the parties stipulated that the trial court could assume that Frost lacked the mental capacity to intend or expect Churchman's death. The trial court noted that, at that time, no published Michigan decision had considered the question whether the mental incapacity of the insured would preclude operation of an exclusionary clause in a homeowner's liability insurance policy for "intended or expected" injuries. The trial court noted the conflict which existed among the jurisdictions that have considered the issue and adopted what appears to be the majority rule among those jurisdictions: that if the insured lacked the mental capacity to intend or expect the results of his conduct, then the insured could not "intend or expect" that result as those terms are used in liability insurance policies. See Anno: Liability insurance: intoxication or other mental incapacity avoiding application of clause in liability policy specifically exempting coverage of injury or damage caused intentionally by or at direction of insured, 33 ALR4th 983.
Since the date that the trial court denied plaintiff's motion, three panels of this Court have spoken on the issue. One panel held that an insured who cannot form an intent to act because of insanity does not act "intentionally" as that term is used in the insurance policy, unless the policy expressly states otherwise. Allstate Ins Co v Miller, 175 Mich. App. 515, 521-522; 438 N.W.2d 638 (1989) (relying on the annotation cited supra). In Transamerica Ins Corp of America v Boughton, 177 Mich. App. 253, 258-259; 440 N.W.2d 922 (1989), a different panel held that the acts of a person deemed insane may be intentional within the meaning of an intentional or expected acts exclusion clause. The Boughton panel based its holding upon the conclusion that the insured may have the purpose and volition to cause an injury, although he is mentally incapable of distinguishing between right or wrong. Id.
Most recently, a third panel adopted the Miller holding in the context of an automobile insurance policy under the no-fault act, MCL 500.3101 et seq.; MSA 24.13101 et seq. Mattson v Farmers Ins Exchange, 181 Mich. App. 419, 428; 450 N.W.2d 54 (1989).
We have reviewed the lower court record and the briefs of the parties and conclude that the trial court did not err in ruling that if plaintiff's insured lacked the mental capacity to intend or expect Churchman's death, then the policy exclusion for intended or expected injuries would not relieve plaintiff of its duty to defend or indemnify its insured in the underlying suit. Given the difference of opinion among the panels of this Court that have recently considered the issue, we cannot say that the trial court's ruling was erroneous.
Based upon the evidence contained in the lower court record, a genuine issue of material fact exists as to whether plaintiff's insured lacked the mental capacity to intend or expect Churchman's death within the meaning of the policy exclusion. Summary disposition in favor of plaintiff would have been improper.
Affirmed.