Opinion
Docket No. 150511.
Submitted November 2, 1994, at Detroit.
Decided February 21, 1995, at 9:05 A.M.
Ronald J. Allen, for the plaintiff.
Garan, Lucow, Miller, Seward, Cooper Becker, P.C. (by Rosalind Rochkind and Millard Becker, Jr.), for the defendants.
A trial was held in this case solely to decide the issue of damages incurred by plaintiff as a result of a motorcycle accident for which defendants admitted liability. A jury returned a verdict in the amount of $100,000. Plaintiff moved for a new trial or additur, claiming that the jury verdict ignored the permanent nature of his injuries and failed to compensate him for future damages. The trial court granted a new trial or additur in the amount of $150,000. Defendants now appeal by leave granted. We affirm in part, reverse in part, and remand.
Defendants first contend that the trial court's decision to grant additur was an abuse of discretion. We disagree. An appellate court must accord due deference to the trial court's decision regarding the grant or denial of additur and should reverse the trial court's decision only if an abuse of discretion is shown. Palenkas v Beaumont Hosp, 432 Mich. 527, 531; 443 N.W.2d 354 (1989); McMillan v Auto Club Ins Ass'n, 195 Mich. App. 463, 467; 491 N.W.2d 593 (1992). The proper consideration in granting or denying additur is whether the jury award is supported by the evidence. Id. Additionally, trial courts have discretion in granting a new trial, and appellate courts will not interfere absent a palpable abuse of discretion. Id.
Here, the trial court justified its award of additur on the ground that uncontroverted evidence warranted an award of future damages. The record reveals that the evidence with regard to scarring and lingering swelling was uncontroverted and was ignored by the jury. The verdict was therefore inadequate and the trial court properly exercised its discretion in granting a new trial or additur. MCL 600.6098; MSA 27A.6098; Burtka v Allied Integrated Diagnostic Services, Inc, 175 Mich. App. 777, 780; 438 N.W.2d 342 (1989).
The trial court also found that the evidence with respect to a deformity and a limp was uncontroverted. A review of the medical testimony presented at trial, however, reveals that this finding is clearly erroneous. On remand, the trial court is not to consider such evidence in computing additur.
However, the trial court improperly considered pretrial settlement negotiations and a mediation evaluation in computing additur. Evidence of settlement negotiations is inadmissible to prove either liability or the amount of damages. MRE 408. Further, mediation evaluations may not be considered by the trier of fact in assessing damages. MCR 2.403(N)(2). Because settlement negotiations and mediation evaluations are generally inadmissible as evidence of damages, it follows that trial courts lack discretion to consider settlement proposals and mediation evaluations when computing additur under MCR 2.611(E), which provides that any additur set by the court must be the lowest the evidence will support. See, e.g., Precopio v Detroit, 415 Mich. 457, 473-474; 330 N.W.2d 802 (1982). Here, the trial court did not cite any trial evidence in support of its finding that $250,000 is the lowest amount of damages the evidence would support. Consequently, reversal of the amount of additur is required, and the case is remanded to the trial court for proper consideration of the evidence in computing additur.
Affirmed in part, reversed in part, and remanded. We do not retain jurisdiction.
E.R. POST, J., concurred.
Rather than reverse the amount of additur, I would remand to the trial court for a hearing during which both sides could present evidence establishing the lowest appropriate amount of additur. The trial court could then compare the amounts awarded in other similar personal injury cases and adjust the additur if necessary. I would retain jurisdiction.